If you’re looking for a natural way to refresh your skin, you might have heard about PRP skin therapy. It’s gaining popularity as a safe and effective method to rejuvenate the skin without harsh chemicals or invasive surgery. But what exactly is it? How does it work? And is it the right choice for you? Let’s dive into the world of PRP skin therapy and explore everything you need to know. What Is PRP Skin Therapy? PRP stands for Platelet-Rich Plasma. It’s a treatment that uses your own blood to stimulate skin healing and regeneration. Here’s how it works: a small amount of your blood is drawn and then spun in a centrifuge to separate the platelets from other blood components. These platelets are packed with growth factors that encourage cell repair and collagen production. When injected or applied to your skin, this platelet-rich plasma helps to: Boost collagen and elastin production Improve skin texture and tone Reduce fine lines and wrinkles Heal acne scars and other skin imperfections The best part? Since it uses your own blood, the risk of allergic reactions or side effects is minimal. It’s a natural way to help your skin look fresher and younger. PRP therapy process with blood centrifuge How Does PRP Skin Therapy Work? You might wonder how a simple injection of your own blood components can make such a difference. The secret lies in the growth factors found in platelets. These tiny cells are essential for healing wounds and regenerating tissue. When PRP is applied to your skin, these growth factors: Stimulate collagen production - Collagen is the protein that keeps your skin firm and elastic. As we age, collagen production slows down, leading to sagging and wrinkles. Encourage new cell growth - This helps repair damaged skin and improves overall texture. Promote blood vessel formation - Better blood flow means more nutrients and oxygen reach your skin cells, enhancing their health. The treatment usually involves a series of sessions spaced a few weeks apart. Each session takes about 30 to 60 minutes, and you can return to your daily activities almost immediately. Some mild redness or swelling might occur but typically fades within a day or two. If you want to explore this option, consider consulting a trusted clinic that specializes in PRP skin therapy. They can tailor the treatment to your skin type and goals. Aesthetic clinic ready for PRP skin therapy session How Much Does PRP Cost in Malaysia? Cost is always a key factor when considering any aesthetic treatment. In Malaysia, the price of PRP skin therapy can vary depending on the clinic, the number of sessions, and the specific areas treated. On average, you can expect to pay between RM 800 to RM 2,000 per session . Some clinics offer package deals if you commit to multiple sessions upfront, which can bring the cost down. Keep in mind that while price is important, quality and safety should come first. Look for clinics with experienced practitioners and good reviews. A well-performed treatment can deliver lasting results and avoid complications. If you want to learn more about pricing and packages, it’s a good idea to schedule a consultation. This way, you get a clear understanding of what’s involved and how much it will cost based on your individual needs. Who Is a Good Candidate for PRP Skin Therapy? PRP skin therapy suits many people, but it’s not for everyone. Here’s who typically benefits the most: Those with early signs of aging like fine lines and mild wrinkles People with uneven skin tone or texture Individuals with acne scars or minor skin damage Anyone looking for a natural, minimally invasive skin rejuvenation option However, if you have certain medical conditions like blood disorders, infections, or are pregnant, PRP might not be recommended. Always discuss your medical history with your practitioner before starting treatment. One of the advantages of PRP is that it uses your own body’s resources, making it a safer alternative to synthetic fillers or chemical peels. Plus, the results tend to look very natural. What to Expect During and After Treatment? During your PRP skin therapy session, the process is straightforward: Blood is drawn from your arm. The blood is processed in a centrifuge to isolate the platelet-rich plasma. The PRP is injected or applied to the targeted skin areas. The practitioner may use microneedling to enhance absorption and stimulate the skin further. The entire session usually lasts under an hour. You might feel some mild discomfort during injections, but it’s generally well-tolerated. After treatment, you may notice: Slight redness or swelling Mild bruising in some cases A warm or tingling sensation These effects usually subside within a day or two. Over the next few weeks, your skin will start to show improvements as collagen builds up and damaged cells repair. For best results, multiple sessions spaced 4 to 6 weeks apart are recommended. Your practitioner will guide you on the ideal treatment plan. Why Choose RJ Clinic for Your PRP Skin Therapy? If you’re considering PRP skin therapy , choosing the right clinic is crucial. RJ Clinic in Malaysia has built a reputation for delivering safe, effective, and personalized treatments. Here’s why they stand out: Experienced medical professionals trained in the latest PRP techniques Use of high-quality equipment and sterile procedures Customized treatment plans tailored to your skin type and goals Friendly and supportive environment to make you feel comfortable Transparent pricing and clear communication They also offer a range of other aesthetic and skincare treatments, making it a one-stop destination for your beauty needs. If you want to explore PRP skin therapy further, check out their detailed information on prp treatment and book a consultation to discuss your options. Taking the Next Step Toward Radiant Skin PRP skin therapy offers a promising path to rejuvenated, glowing skin using your body’s natural healing powers. It’s a gentle yet effective way to combat signs of aging and skin damage without harsh chemicals or surgery. If you’re ready to refresh your look and boost your confidence, why not explore this innovative treatment? Reach out to a trusted clinic like RJ Clinic to learn more and start your journey to healthier skin today. Your skin deserves the best care, and PRP skin therapy might just be the natural boost it needs.

If you’ve ever wondered how celebrities and professionals in Kuala Lumpur maintain youthful, glowing skin, the secret often lies in the right anti-aging facial treatments . At RJ Clinic, we combine medical-grade technology, experienced doctors, and personalized care to deliver results that go beyond the standard spa facial. In this article, we’ll cover what to expect when you book an anti-aging facial at RJ Clinic, the types of facials available, and why we are a trusted choice for skin rejuvenation in KL. What Makes an Anti-Aging Facial Different? Unlike basic spa facials, an anti-aging facial at RJ Clinic targets deeper skin concerns: Fine lines & wrinkles Loss of skin elasticity Uneven skin texture & enlarged pores Dull, dehydrated skin Pigmentation & sun damage Our treatments are doctor-supervised and use medical-grade devices such as laser, RF (radiofrequency), and advanced microdermabrasion — ensuring both safety and results. What to Expect During Your First Visit Comprehensive Skin Analysis – Our therapists and LCP-certified doctors will assess your skin. Customized Facial Plan – Based on your skin type (sensitive, acne-prone, mature, etc.), we recommend the right treatment. Treatment Session – Relax in a comfortable environment while we perform your chosen facial. Post-Care Guidance – We provide clear aftercare instructions, ensuring your results last longer. Types of Anti-Aging Facials at RJ Clinic Here are some of our signature treatments: RJ Spa Tranquil Glow Facial – massage-based hydration for radiant, refreshed skin. RJ Spa MDA Facial – gentle microdermabrasion that exfoliates dead skin and boosts glow. RJ Spa V Lift Facial – device-assisted lifting for firmer contours. RJ Spa Laser Facial – brightening laser toning for pigmentation and collagen stimulation. RJ Spa Acne Facial – purifying treatment that reduces acne and prevents premature aging. RJ Spa Backne Facial – targets body acne, often overlooked but important for overall skin confidence. 👉 Learn more about our full range here: RJ Facial Spa . Is It Safe for Sensitive Skin? Yes, it is safe for sensitive skin. We carefully select non-comedogenic actives and adjust intensity to your tolerance. If you are experiencing breakouts or redness, our team will stabilize your skin first before proceeding. How Often Should You Get an Anti-Aging Facial? For best results, we recommend every 3–4 weeks . This supports skin renewal cycles and keeps collagen levels active. Why Choose RJ Clinic in Kuala Lumpur? LCP-Certified Doctors : Treatments supervised by Ministry of Health–recognized practitioners. Proven Technology : Only authentic devices, no “pirated” versions. Personalized Protocols : Every treatment tailored to your skin type and lifestyle. Trusted Reviews : Over 300 positive Google reviews from patients across KL. The Importance of Consistency in Skincare Consistency is key in any skincare routine. Regular visits to RJ Clinic can significantly enhance your skin's health. By sticking to a schedule, you allow your skin to adapt and respond better to treatments. This leads to more noticeable and lasting results. Understanding Your Skin Type Before starting any treatment, it’s essential to understand your skin type. Whether you have oily, dry, or combination skin, knowing this helps us tailor the best anti-aging facial for you. Our experts will guide you through this process during your initial consultation. The Role of Lifestyle in Skin Health Your lifestyle choices play a significant role in the effectiveness of any skincare treatment. Factors such as diet, hydration, and sun exposure can impact your skin's condition. At RJ Clinic, we believe in a holistic approach. We provide tips on maintaining your skin health outside our clinic, ensuring you achieve the best results. Final Thoughts If you’re looking for the best anti-aging facial in Kuala Lumpur , RJ Clinic offers science-backed treatments with real results. Whether you’re battling dullness, early wrinkles, or just want that extra glow before a big event, we’re here to help. 👉 Book your session today: RJ Facial Spa .

Scars tell stories. Sometimes, they remind us of healing and strength. Other times, they can be a source of discomfort or self-consciousness. If you’ve noticed a raised, thickened scar that seems to grow beyond the original wound, you might be dealing with a keloid . These scars can be tricky, but understanding them is the first step toward effective treatment. Let’s dive into what keloid scars are, why they happen, and what treatment options are available to help you feel confident in your skin again. What Is Keloid Scar Treatment? When it comes to managing keloid scars, treatment is all about reducing their size, appearance, and discomfort. Unlike regular scars, keloids grow beyond the boundaries of the original injury. This makes them more challenging to treat, but not impossible. Keloid scar treatment focuses on: Flattening the raised scar tissue Soothing any itching or pain Preventing the scar from growing further Improving the overall look of the skin There are several approaches to treatment, and often, a combination works best. From non-invasive methods like silicone sheets and steroid injections to more advanced options like laser therapy and surgery, each has its place depending on the scar’s size, location, and your skin type. If you’re considering treatment, it’s important to consult with a specialist who understands the nuances of keloid scars. Personalized care ensures the best results and minimizes the risk of the scar returning or worsening. Keloid scar on skin surface What Causes Keloids? Understanding why keloids form can help you take steps to prevent them or manage them better. Keloids develop when the skin produces too much collagen during the healing process. Collagen is the protein that helps repair wounds, but in keloids, this process goes into overdrive. Several factors can increase the likelihood of keloid formation: Genetics: Some people are more prone to keloids, especially those with darker skin tones. Skin injuries: Cuts, burns, acne, piercings, or surgical wounds can trigger keloid growth. Location: Keloids often appear on the chest, shoulders, earlobes, and upper back. Age: Younger individuals tend to develop keloids more frequently. Knowing these factors can help you be cautious with skin injuries and seek early treatment if you notice abnormal scar growth. Raised scar on shoulder area Common Keloid Scar Treatment Options Let’s explore some of the most effective treatments available today. Each option has its benefits and considerations, so it’s good to know what might work best for your situation. 1. Silicone Gel Sheets and Dressings Silicone sheets are a simple, non-invasive way to soften and flatten keloid scars. They work by hydrating the scar tissue and protecting it from irritation. How to use: Apply the sheet over the scar for several hours daily. Benefits: Easy to use, painless, and suitable for all skin types. Limitations: Works best on newer scars and requires consistent use over weeks or months. 2. Steroid Injections Corticosteroid injections help reduce inflammation and slow down collagen production. How it works: Injected directly into the scar, steroids can shrink the keloid and relieve itching. Frequency: Usually given every 4 to 6 weeks. Considerations: May cause skin thinning or discoloration if overused. 3. Laser Therapy Laser treatments target the blood vessels in the scar, reducing redness and flattening the tissue. Advantages: Improves scar texture and color. Sessions: Multiple treatments are often needed. Side effects: Temporary redness or swelling. 4. Surgical Removal Surgery can remove large or stubborn keloids, but it carries a risk of the scar returning, sometimes larger than before. Best practice: Often combined with steroid injections or radiation therapy post-surgery to prevent recurrence. Who should consider: Those with significant discomfort or functional issues caused by the keloid. 5. Other Treatments Cryotherapy: Freezing the scar tissue to reduce size. Radiation therapy: Used after surgery to prevent regrowth. Pressure therapy: Applying pressure garments to flatten scars. Each treatment has its place, and sometimes combining methods yields the best outcome. How to Care for Your Skin to Prevent Keloid Formation Prevention is always better than cure. If you know you’re prone to keloids, or if you’re about to undergo surgery or get a piercing, take these steps: Keep wounds clean and moist: Use gentle cleansers and apply antibiotic ointments. Avoid unnecessary skin trauma: Be gentle with your skin and avoid picking at scabs. Use silicone sheets early: Starting treatment as soon as the wound heals can reduce keloid risk. Protect scars from sun exposure: UV rays can darken scars and make them more noticeable. Consult a specialist: If you notice abnormal scar growth, seek professional advice early. These simple habits can make a big difference in how your skin heals. Finding the Right Clinic for Your Keloid Scar Treatment Choosing the right clinic is crucial. You want a place that offers safe, effective, and personalized care. Look for clinics with: Experienced dermatologists or aesthetic specialists A range of treatment options tailored to your needs Positive patient reviews and before-after photos Clear communication about risks and expectations In Malaysia, RJ Clinic stands out as a trusted provider. They combine advanced technology with expert care to help you manage keloid scars confidently. Whether you’re local or coming from abroad, their team is ready to guide you through every step. Remember, treating keloid scars is a journey. With the right support and treatment plan, you can improve your skin’s appearance and feel great in your own skin again. RJ Clinic treatment room for skin care Ready to take the next step? Don’t let a scar hold you back. Reach out to a specialist and explore your options today. Your skin deserves the best care possible.

Pico Laser has become one of the most sought-after skin treatments in Malaysia, especially for those dealing with pigmentation, scars, and uneven skin texture. At RJ Clinic, we use PicoSure Pro Malaysia  – the original FDA-approved technology from the USA, designed for safe, effective results with minimal downtime. This guide answers the most common questions Malaysians ask about Pico Laser. What is a Pico Laser? Pico Laser is an advanced laser treatment that uses picosecond technology  – ultra-short bursts of energy measured in trillionths of a second. This allows it to shatter pigmentation into fine particles, stimulate collagen, and rejuvenate skin without damaging surrounding tissues. What is PicoSure Laser? PicoSure is a branded type of Pico Laser developed by Cynosure, USA . It is FDA-approved and trusted worldwide for treating pigmentation, acne scars, tattoos, and skin rejuvenation.👉 At RJ Clinic, we offer PicoSure Pro Malaysia , the latest upgraded version for optimal results. What Does Pico Laser Do? Breaks down pigmentation (melasma, freckles, sun spots) Lightens acne marks & scars Improves skin texture and pores Stimulates collagen for anti-aging Removes tattoos safely 👉 At RJ Clinic, many patients combine Pico Laser with Skinboosters or Potenza RF Microneedling  for enhanced results. How Does Pico Laser Work? Pico Laser works by delivering ultra-fast pulses deep into the skin. These pulses create laser-induced shockwaves  that break down pigmentation and trigger natural healing responses. Over time, your skin produces new collagen and elastin, leading to clearer, firmer skin. How Long Does Pico Laser Take to Work? Some patients see brighter skin after just one session , but most need 3–5 sessions  for best results, especially for pigmentation or scars. Full results continue improving over 2–3 months as collagen builds. Is Pico Laser Painful? Most patients describe it as a light snapping sensation . With numbing cream applied beforehand, discomfort is minimal. Is Pico Laser Safe? Yes. FDA-approved devices like PicoSure Pro  are clinically proven to be safe. At RJ Clinic, treatments are performed by LCP-certified doctors , ensuring precision and safety. What is Pico Laser Used For? Pigmentation (melasma, freckles, sun spots) Acne scars & enlarged pores Anti-aging (fine lines, dull skin) Tattoo removal Does Pico Laser Remove Hair? No, Pico Laser is not designed for hair removal. It targets pigmentation and collagen stimulation. For hair removal, other laser technologies are recommended. Does Pico Laser Remove Scars? Yes. Pico Laser is effective for acne scars, surgical scars, and trauma scars  by stimulating collagen and resurfacing the skin. 👉 Many patients combine it with Potenza RF Microneedling  for deeper scar repair. How Much Does PicoSure Laser Cost in Malaysia? Costs vary depending on treatment area and sessions. RJ Clinic PicoSure Pro Malaysia  starts from RM1,200 per session . Packages are available for pigmentation, acne scars, and rejuvenation. 👉 Compare with Chemical Peel  and Skinboosters  for combined results. How Many Sessions Do You Need? Most patients need 3–5 sessions  for visible improvement. For pigmentation, results can appear after the first session, while scars and tattoos may take longer. How Often Can I Do Pico Laser? Typically, Pico Laser can be done every 4–6 weeks . Your doctor will recommend the right interval based on your skin condition and treatment goals. Can I Wash My Face After Pico Laser? Yes, you can wash your face gently after 24 hours. Use a mild cleanser, avoid scrubs or acids for 3–5 days, and apply sunblock daily.👉 RJ Clinicals Night Repair  with niacinamide and lecithin is ideal for recovery and hydration post-laser. What is Pico Laser for Face? On the face, Pico Laser helps with: Lightening pigmentation Reducing acne marks Brightening dull skin Improving texture & smoothness Can Pico Laser Tighten Skin? Yes, indirectly. By stimulating collagen and elastin, Pico Laser helps with mild skin tightening  and improves firmness over time. Can Pico Laser Really Smooth Skin? Yes. By resurfacing skin and boosting collagen, Pico Laser reduces roughness, acne scars, and fine lines for smoother, more even skin. Does Pico Laser Damage the Skin? No, if done with genuine FDA-approved devices like PicoSure Pro. Unlike older lasers, Pico Laser is designed to minimise heat damage, making it safer for Asian skin. Conclusion – Is Pico Laser Worth It? Yes – Pico Laser is one of the most effective treatments for pigmentation, scars, and rejuvenation in Malaysia. At RJ Clinic, we use only PicoSure Pro Malaysia , the latest generation of Cynosure technology, to ensure safe and proven results. 📍 Visit our outlets in Segambut  and Bandar Sri Damansara  today to discover if Pico Laser is right for you. 👉 Click here to Book Your Consultation. FAQ – Pico Laser in Malaysia 1. What is Pico Laser? A non-surgical treatment using picosecond pulses to target pigmentation and boost collagen. 2. How much is Pico Laser in Malaysia? At RJ Clinic, PicoSure Pro starts from RM1,200 per session. 3. How many sessions are needed? Most people need 3–5 sessions depending on pigmentation or scars. 4. Is Pico Laser painful? It feels like a light snapping, with numbing cream provided. 5. Can Pico Laser tighten and smooth skin? Yes, by stimulating collagen and improving texture over time.

So, you’ve decided to get double eyelid stitching  (non-incisional suture) — or maybe you’re still thinking about it and wondering what happens after the procedure. At RJ Clinic in Kuala Lumpur, we want our patients to feel fully prepared before, during, and after their treatment. This detailed guide walks you through day-by-day recovery , what’s normal, what to avoid, and when to expect your final results. Immediately After Your Double Eyelid Stitching Procedure (Day 0 – Day 1) Once your double eyelid suture is completed, you’ll notice mild swelling and possibly small puncture marks where the sutures were placed. This is completely normal. What to Expect: Mild tightness or discomfort in the eyelid area Slight swelling and redness Light tearing or sensitivity Aftercare Tips: Apply a cold compress for 10–15 minutes every hour to reduce swelling. Sleep with your head slightly elevated to minimize puffiness. Avoid rubbing your eyes or touching the sutures. Take prescribed medication (if given) as directed. Early Recovery (Day 2 – Day 5) This is when most swelling and bruising peak — don’t panic, it’s part of the process. What to Expect: Eyelids may look slightly uneven (asymmetry is common at this stage). Mild bruising may appear under the eyes. You may feel some tightness when blinking. Care Instructions: Continue cold compresses for the first 48 hours, then switch to warm compresses if recommended by your doctor. Keep your eyelids clean with sterile saline or gentle wipes provided by the clinic. Avoid strenuous exercise, swimming, saunas, and makeup. Mid Recovery (Day 6 – Day 14) Most patients feel comfortable returning to work or social activities by the end of the first week. What to Expect: Swelling begins to subside noticeably. Bruising fades to yellowish tone before disappearing. The crease begins to look more defined but may still appear slightly high. What You Can Do: Light makeup is usually allowed after Day 7. Resume normal daily activities, but still avoid excessive eye rubbing. Sunglasses can help protect the healing eyelids from sunlight and dust. Later Recovery (Weeks 3 – 6) At this point, you’ll really start to enjoy your new look. What to Expect: Swelling is 80–90% gone. Crease looks softer and more natural. Mild residual puffiness in the mornings may still happen but resolves quickly. Tips: Gentle eyelid massage (if recommended by your doctor) can help soften the crease. Continue sun protection to prevent pigmentation around healing sites. Long-Term Healing (3+ Months) By the 3-month mark, your results are considered “final.” The crease is well-defined, symmetric, and natural-looking. Longevity: RJ Clinic’s Modified 4 Buried Suture Technique  is designed to be long-lasting — often maintaining results for 3–7+ years, depending on eyelid type and lifestyle factors. Red Flags – When to Contact Your Doctor While complications are rare, you should contact your doctor if you experience: Sudden increase in pain or swelling after Day 3 Discharge or signs of infection Loss of vision or severe eye pain Significant crease asymmetry after 3 months RJ Clinic provides follow-up visits to monitor your healing and ensure your results are settling well. Final Thoughts Double eyelid stitching offers a fast recovery (5–7 days)  and beautiful, natural results with minimal scarring. Knowing what to expect during recovery helps you plan ahead and avoid unnecessary stress. At RJ Clinic, our team is here to guide you through every step — from your first consultation to your final follow-up. Book your consultation today and let us help you achieve brighter, more defined eyes with confidence.

The demand for penile enlargement in Malaysia  is growing — but not every provider is licensed or safe. Choosing the wrong clinic could lead to complications, poor results, and wasted money. Here’s how to choose a trusted clinic for penile enhancement. 1. Verify LCP Certification In Malaysia, aesthetic doctors must hold an LCP (Letter of Credentialing & Privileging)  from the Ministry of Health.✔ Ask to see the doctor’s LCP certificate.✔ Avoid salons, unlicensed spas, or online “home procedures.” 2. Check the Product Used Only FDA-approved or CE-marked fillers  should be used for penile enhancement.⚠ Avoid black-market silicone or permanent fillers — these carry a high risk of complications. 3. Ask About Doctor Experience in Penile Enalargement How many procedures has the doctor performed? Can they show before-and-after photos (without revealing patient identity)? Do they offer follow-up care? 4. Understand the Cost and Downtime Transparent pricing is a sign of a trustworthy clinic. At RJ Clinic: 10 ml filler:  RM 5000 20 ml filler:  RM 8800We also explain downtime, aftercare, and what results to expect. 5. Look for Patient Penile Reviews Google Reviews and testimonials are a good indicator of reputation. Look for: Mentions of professionalism Comfort and privacy during treatment Good follow-up support 6. Confidentiality Matters A good clinic will respect your privacy — from discreet booking to a private treatment room. Conclusion Your safety comes first. Choose a licensed, experienced clinic that uses approved products and provides proper aftercare. Ready to take the next step? Schedule a private consultation  at RJ Clinic for safe, discreet penile enhancement treatments. Book your appointment today →

Rubbing your eyes feels so satisfying  — that instant relief from itchiness or tiredness is totally relatable. But for the sake of your beauty, skin health, and eyesight , you need to stop doing it immediately. What Happens When You Rub Your Eyes? Repeated eye rubbing can lead to: Broken blood vessels  underneath the thin under-eye skin Iron deposits (hemosiderin staining)  that create stubborn panda-eye pigmentation Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation  from chronic irritation, especially in allergy sufferers Skin thinning  due to inflammation and UV damage Puffiness  from disrupted lymphatic drainage All of these contribute to one of the most common aesthetic concerns — dark circles . DARK CIRCLES. Hemosiderin staining can look like panda eyes (encompassing both upper and lower eyelids) Underneath our eyes lies the blood vessels. When you rub your eyes, the blood vessels break. Iron pigment from blood then leaks and pools under the skin, creating dark shadowy colour under your eyes, also known as hemosiderin staining . If you have allergy, disrupted lymphatic drainage systems can make your eyes look puffy and inflamed. Not only that, it may also cause your eyes to itch. The more you rub, the worse the inflammation. Chronic rubbing causes condition known as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Besides, the skin underneath the eyes, sometimes known as “ tear trough” is thin and more sensitive than skin on other parts of our body. While aging is the most common cause of undereyes skin thinning, UV damage from sun exposure also destroys collagen, which contributes to the thinning of our skin. When the skin is thin , it allows the underlying features to be accentuated, including blood vessels and blood stasis from eyes rubbing. In certain people, the cause for dark circles is true hyperpigmentation , be it genetic or acquired as in cases of sun exposure. Shadowing is another cause of dark circles. As we age, we lose our periorbital fat pad and tear trough becomes deeper and sunken. Shadowing from poor lighting enhances the appearance of dark circles. A simple case of shadowing which improved with appropriate filler placement Other factors such as stress, excessive alcohol intake and smoking can also cause dark circles under your eyes. SO, HOW DO YOU KNOW WHETHER YOUR DARK CIRCLES ARE DUE TO VASCULATURE OR HYPERPIGMENTATION? Press on the dark area and then release. If it becomes darker, it is vascular cause. If it does not change, it is caused by pigment. However, it can be combination of both factors in some people. Vascular vs Pigmented Dark Circles — Which One Do You Have? Press Test Result Your Dark Circle Type Press the dark area gently and release Becomes darker Vascular (blood pooling/staining) Press and release No change Pigmentation-based Mixed reaction Combination type Understanding your root cause  is crucial before choosing the right treatment . Best Treatments to Remove Dark Circles 1. For Vascular / Thinning Skin Type PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma)  or Dermapen Microneedling  — stimulates collagen production and thickens the skin Potenza RF Microneedling  — a more advanced option  combining radiofrequency with microneedling to tighten skin and improve blood circulation Deusaderm Under-Eye Filler  — specially formulated collagen-stimulating filler to reduce hollowness, brighten the under-eye, and restore smooth contours 2. For Pigmentation-Based Dark Circles Laser Toning / PicoSure / Pigmentation Lasers Skin Booster Injections (e.g. Rejuran, Revok50, Exosomes) Brightening Skincare Ingredients  such as: Niacinamide, Kojic Acid, Retinoids, Azelaic Acid, Hydroquinone, Vitamin C, Alpha Arbutin 3. For Sunken / Shadow-Type Dark Circles Dermal Fillers or Fat Transfer  — instantly reduces hollow tear troughs and removes shadowing Don’t Forget Lifestyle Factors Even with the best treatments, results will be limited if you: Sleep late Smoke Take excessive alcohol or caffeine Have chronic allergies and keep rubbing your eyes 💡 Fix your routine, and the treatment works 10x better. Final Takeaway Dark circles are not all the same , and rubbing your eyes makes them exponentially worse . Whether it's vascular staining, pigmentation, or shadowing — there is a customised solution for each: Cause Best Treatment Blood vessel rupture / thin skin PRP, Potenza, Deusaderm Pigmentation Laser toning, Skin boosters, Brightening ingredients Hollow tear troughs / shadows Fillers or Fat Transfer Want professional advice? Visit RJ Clinic (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)  for personalised dark circle assessment using doctor-led devices and medical-grade treatments.

Why does acne leave dark spot? This is a condition known as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). “Post” means after, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation simply means hyperpigmentation after inflammation, commonly from acne, impetigo, eczema, bug bites, rashes etc. Melanin is natural pigment that gives colour in your hair, skin, and eyes. After inflammation or injury, your skin produce extra melanin, and melanin may deposit abnormally, resulting in hyperpigmentation. PIH can affect either your epidermis (skin’s surface level), your dermis (deep layer of your skin) or mixed. The lesions range from light brown to black in colour. It can occur in anyone, but is more common and longer lasting in individual with medium to dark complexions as people with skin of colour has more melanin. Similarly, people with oily skin often develop more severe, resistant PIH because sebum is a pro-inflammatory substance. PIH fades over time, but it can take months to years to fully clear. So, treatment can be done to speed up the process. How do we treat it? SKINCARE Daily use of broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen is essential to minimize darkening caused by UV ray. A variety of topical agents are available to lighten dark spot, namely: - Kojic acid - Arbutin - Niacinamide - Licorice extract - Hydroquinone - Retinoids - Glycolic acid - Azelaic acid - Corticosteroids - Vitamin C *long term use of hydroquinone can cause exogenous ochronosis, which is paradoxical hyperpigmentation of skin, characterized by blue-black discolouration. So, keep use less than 10 weeks and reuse after 3 months to minimise the risk of ochronosis. Lightening of PIH may be achieved with previously named topical agents. If fails to respond to topical products, or PIH involves deeper layer of your skin, combination with physical treatment like chemical peel or laser are required for significant improvement. CHEMICAL PEEL Chemical peel is a simple yet effective way to treat PIH. It involves application of chemical agent on your skin resulting in exfoliation of skin affected by PIH, followed by regrowth of new skin with improved appearance and texture. Getting rid of oil and dead skin cells by chemical peel also keep your pores clear, which means less blockage and less acne! LASER Laser toning with our 1064nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is able to treat pigments located deeper in the skin, thus is effective for deeper PIH. Laser toning uses lower fluence shot in multiple intervals. It does not leave scab as treatment occurs deep within the skin, and has no downtime. PREVENTION PIH can appear on sun-exposed or sun protected skin, but UV ray usually worsens PIH. To prevent further darkening of lesions and new ones from forming, avoid the sun whenever possible, or use umbrella, wear protective clothing, cap/ hat to reduce sun exposure. Sunscreen should also be applied on daily basis. Last but not least, TREAT ITS CAUSE . No inflammation= no PIH.

Hyaluronic molecules Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a very popular ingredient used in the cosmetic industry for many years, and for good reason. Many skin care products in the market contain hyaluronic acid, and being advertised as a holy grail that can moisture and plump up your skin. The use of hyaluronic acid is not only limited to the cosmetic industry, but also used in fillers, skin boosters in aesthetic field, and in orthopedics to treat patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. (Of course, for therapeutic purposes in orthopedic, HA is not used for the skin. In individuals with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial fluid can become thin and lose its ability to lubricate and cushion the joints. Injection of HA into the affected joint can help to increase viscosity and elasticity of the synovial fluid, improving its ability to cushion and lubricate the joint. This in turn leads to reduced pain, improved mobility, and a decrease in inflammation in individual with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.) What is hyaluronic acid (HA)? HA is a naturally occurring substance that can be found in various tissue throughout the body, and richest in the skin, joints, vitreous body of the eyes and umbilical cord. For skin, its primary function is to retain moisture and keep the skin hydrated. HA is highly soluble, and can hold up to one thousand times its weight in water molecules. The cosmetic and aesthetic industries utilize these properties of HA and incorporate HA into products like serums, moisturisers, masks, skin boosters and dermal fillers with some modifications. Why do we need HA? Let’s bust a myth before we talk about why we need HA. Myth: Sebum prevents skin dryness. Wrong! Dryness is due to decreased amount of natural moisturizing factors, glycosaminoglycan and impaired skin barrier causing water loss. HA is a glycosaminoglycan, hence its production is directly linked to skin hydration. As we age, the production of key substances in our skin starts to decline, including HA, collagen and elastin. As a result, our skin become dry, lax and loses volume. Thanks to the advancement in technology, we have solutions to this problem. When it comes to achieving a youthful, refreshed appearance, skin boosters and dermal fillers are two popular options. High molecular weight VS low molecular weight HA Low molecular weight HA simply means a form of hyaluronic acid that has a smaller molecular size compared to high molecular weight HA. The smaller size allows it to penetrate deeper into the skin, which makes it more effective for certain skin care benefits. Some studies have suggested that low molecular weight HA promotes production of inflammatory mediators whereas high molecular weight HA inhibits production of pro-inflammatory mediators. In other words, there is possibility of causing inflammation with the use of low molecular weight HA. In some cases, people may experience skin irritation or redness after using skin care products or treatments that contain low molecular weight HA. However, these side effects are generally considered to be mild and temporary. It is also important to keep in mind that not everyone will react the same to it and that individual skin tolerance can vary. High molecular weight HA has a larger molecular size with low skin permeability, meaning that it has difficulty penetrating the top layer of our skin. As a result, it only moisturizes the skin surface and acts more as a barrier to prevent moisture loss, rather than providing deep hydration. Hyaluronic acid skincares. Is it good or bad? Now that we have discussed about high molecular weight and low molecular weight HA, let’s move on to crosslinked and non-crosslinked HA. In natural state, HA can break down rapidly, which is not suitable to be used for certain circumstances. In order to overcome this problem, they must be chemically engineered to create thicker gel in contrast to the usual liquid form. This can be achieved by crosslinking of polymer chains with chemical such as 1,4-BDDE. The more links created, the firmer the HA molecules and the more difficult it is to be broken down. Both skin booster and dermal filler contain hyaluronic acid, but what makes the difference ? You may know about skin booster by “injection that gives you glowing or glass skin”. It has been around for a long time now but getting more popular because of the influence by KPOP and K dramas where all the Korean celebrities appear to have flawless, glass skin. If you are aiming for similar effect like them, skin booster is one of the treatments that you should try! Hyaluronic acid - Apply or inject? So, what is skin booster actually? It is a treatment designed to hydrate the skin from within, in which the primary ingredient is hyaluronic acid. Skin booster is typically delivered via a series of injections directly into your skin. Since it is made of non-crosslinked HA that does not stay at the site of injection but spread within your skin, its main function is to provide moisture but not volume. How skinboosters helps the skin On the contrary, dermal filler is injectable treatment that is designed to add volume to specific areas of the face. For example, to enhance the lips, cheekbones, jawline, fill up sunken areas caused by aging, or to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Dermal filler is able to achieve these because of the crosslinked HA that is firm enough to do so. But, not to say that all crosslinked HA dermal fillers are of the same, as there is a remarkable selection of fillers with unique properties in terms of particle size, degree of cross-linkage and concentration depending on the manufacturing methods. The choice of fillers will be made based on the treatment areas and the desired effect. How fillers help the skin Effect of HA dermal fillers can also be seen immediately after the treatment, which makes them a great option if you have upcoming events and you want to look good. Result of HA fillers is also long-lasting for up to one to one and a half years, depending on the type of filler used, the area being treated, your skin type, skin condition, lifestyle and age. The effect is also reversible by hyaluronidase, which is an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid into water and carbon dioxide. In our clinic, we offer Belotero HA filler, which is a trusted brand manufactured by Merz Aesthetics. The range has won numerous industry awards a decade later and has expanded to include a series of options. Belotero range offers a choice of options specifically formulated to provide best possible effect depending on the treatment areas, including Belotero Volume, Belotero Balance, and Belotero Intense. The full range of Belotero fillers Of course, there are many more dermal fillers made of materials other than hyaluronic acid, for instance, Radiesse (calcium hydroxylapetite), Ellanse (polycaprolactone), Sculptra (PLLA), each with their own efficacy and safety profiles. Radiesse Radiesse is one of our favourite treatments, as it has the ability to help your body produce collagen and elastin naturally, which are the two important components that help keep facial lines and wrinkles at bay. As previously mentioned, these key substances decline as we age, and sun damage makes it harder for our body to produce them. Calcium hydroxylapatite, or CaHA, is what makes Radiesse unique as an injectable aesthetic treatment. Upon injection of Radiesse, CaHA particles integrate into your skin and create a “scaffold” that stimulates collagen and elastin. After a time, the CaHA microspheres are absorbed into your body and collagen continues to build in the skin for as long as two years. Skin Boosters There are many types of skin boosters available in the market. Every advertisement is so attractive that you are tempted to try but at the same time confused on which type is suitable for you. Don’t worry, I’ve got you covered! Here, I have listed the types of skin boosters that we offer and given some brief explanations about them: Profhilo Profhilo skin hydrator Profhilo is made of 100% pure hyaluronic acid, including high and low molecular weight HA. It uses patented thermal process NAHYCO Hybrid Technology which changes character and behavior of hyaluronic acid resulting in formation of co-operative hybrid complexes (HCC) which modulates the tissues. It is biocompatible and does not contain chemicals that are used as cross-linking agents such as BDDE. HCC reduce the degradation of high molecular weight HA, and low molecular weight HA is slowly released from HCC, thus has less risk of inflammation. It is a powerful biostimulator and the only skin booster in the market that helps to stimulate all four types of collagen, elastin and fat stem cells that were lost through skin aging. With this, there will be improvement of skin laxity, fine lines, and skin hydration, tightening and lifting effect. Therefore, some do not consider Profhilo as a skin booster due to its lifting effect on tissues. Profhilo is one of the least painful procedures as it only needs 5 points of injection into each side of your face, which is known as BAP injection technique designed to avoid blood vessels and evenly distributes the product. Typically, two to three sessions of treatment are recommended, spaced one month apart. Cycle can then be repeated every 6 months as needed to maintain the results. Belotero Revive Belotero revive As mentioned previously, non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid cannot last long under the skin, hence glowing result may only last less than a month. So, in addition to non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid, Belotero Revive included another ingredient known as Glycerol, which stays longer under the skin. Glycerol is mainly responsible for attracting and retaining water molecules, strengthening the hyaluronic acid matrix through hydrogen bonding and enhancing the potency of HA in promoting skin hydration. This results in glowing skin for up to 8 months after completing 3 treatments. Glycerol is also known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Belotero Revive helps to improve skin elasticity, hydration, treat signs of aging like fine lines and sun damage such as uneven skin pigmentation and texture. It is suitable for people of all skin types and ages, and is particularly effective for those with dry, dehydrated, or aging skin. Dermaheal HSR Dermaheal HSR - Korean skinbooster Dermaheal skin booster contains non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid along with other natural ingredients such as amino acids that promote fibroblast formation, vitamins that provide additional nourishment to the skin, a complex of biomimetic peptides that restores skin’s vitality and minerals to support skin’s natural processes, improving skin’s ability to repair and regenerate itself. When injected into skin, Dermaheal Skin Booster results in brighter and more youthful-looking complexion, reduction of acne and enlarged pores and increased skin elasticity. Procedure involves injection of multiple small boluses over the whole face superficially into your skin. Numb cream will be applied first to ensure comfort during procedure and treatment with Dermaheal HSR can be repeated monthly to maintain the good result. Skin booster is the type of treatment that gives subtle, smooth changes that occur continuously over time. So, it is an ideal choice for people who want to improve their skin’s appearance without drastic volume changes. Add this to your bucket list and you will no longer need to edit your photos because of your tired looking skin! How about HA in skin care products? If you read this post carefully, you should already have an answer to this. When it comes to choosing a skin care product, look at the type of HA in the ingredient list. As mentioned previously, larger HA molecules cannot penetrate into skin despite being able to bind water better, whereas smaller HA molecule can penetrate deeper, but binds less water. So, for maximum effect, consider products that contain variety of HA sizes. However, not to forget that due to the proinflammatory properties of low molecular weight HA, there is tendency to cause skin redness. It is also undeniable that topical HA will never be as effective as injectable HA. Preventive measures Now that you know the importance of HA, let’s talk about how to prevent the loss of HA . Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that breaks down HA. It can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are the byproducts of cellular metabolism and generated from sources including pollution, cigarette smoke, radiation and UV rays. In other words, UV rays, pollution, smoking and radiation are factors that you should avoid in order to preserve healthy looking skin. Although it is impossible to completely avoid UV rays from sunlight, you can wear protective clothing or apply sunscreen to protect yourself from excessive sun exposure. As solar UV rays and our body’s own metabolic pathways create ROS, constantly depleting our available antioxidants, supplementation becomes essential to replenish our body’s supply of antioxidants. Few examples of antioxidants include Vitamin C, Vitamin E, beta-carotene, curcumin, niacinamide, ubiquinone and grape seed extract. Antioxidants can be found in food, or in the form of supplement and topical skin care products. In conclusion, HA is a naturally occurring substance that functions as a powerful hydrator, but due to external and internal factors that degrade HA, homo sapiens, who have been acknowledged as the most intelligent species on the planet have incorporated this brilliant substance into products like skin care, dermal fillers and skin boosters to benefit the skin, and HA gel injection into joints for orthopaedic use. With these, eventhough reversing the number of our age is impossible, at least we can slow down and reverse the signs of aging. Also, not to forget that on top of the availability of these luxury, it is our role and responsibility to practice healthy lifestyle to “protect” our HA.

Time flies . Getting into your 60s is unavoidable, and aging is unavoidable . As you approach 4th decades of life, you might start to notice signs of aging, such as: - Fine lines and wrinkles -> due to repeated facial movements and expression. As skin ages, it loses collagen and elastic fibres, leading to loss of flexibility and elasticity. - Dullness of skin -> due to buildup of dead skin cells - Uneven skin tone and hyperpigmentation -> caused by hyperactivation of melanocytes (pigment-forming cells), alteration in the distribution of pigment and turnover - Dry skin -> due to decreased amount of natural moisturizing factors, glycosaminoglycan and impaired skin barrier causing water loss. - Rough skin texture -> caused by dryness and buildup of dead skin cells - Visible pores -> due to reduced skin elasticity around pores - Sunken eyes -> due to fat tissue reduction - Dark circles -> as you age, skin below your eyes loosen and thins out, making colour of blood vessels underneath more visible. Sunken eyes also result in dark circles due to shadow. - Hollowness of cheeks, temper, forehead -> due to superficial fat pads loss - Face sagging -> due to drooping of deep fat pads, alteration of supporting ligaments and loose skin. However, why do some people age like fine wine, but you don’t? There are multiple factors that speed up aging, including: Sleep deprivation Ever notice why people who have sleeping disorders, work night shift, and oncalls like doctors * sigh * tend to age faster? It is because inadequate sleep can accelerate aging process. Here is why: During the first three hours of sleep, growth hormones called somatotropin is being produced, and this hormone helps to repair damaged skin cells. Another hormone, namely melatonin increases during the next two hours of sleep. It helps to protect skin from damaging free radicals that cause aging. During the final stage of sleep, cortisol, which is a stress hormone, along with skin temperature decrease. These cause the muscles to relax and collagen production to increase. In other words, when you do not get enough sleep, the damaged skin cells do not get a chance to repair, thus leading to signs of aging. Blood vessels dilate when you do not get enough sleep. The colour of dilated blood vessels is able to show through the very thin skin of your undereyes, appearing as dark eye circles . Stress Stress raises the level of cortisol, leading to collagen and elastin breakdown and forming wrinkles. So, whoever reading this now, smile and relax :D Lack of Exercise Exercise improves blood circulation which delivers oxygen and nutrients to body’s organs including skin. Exercise also burns fat and tones up muscles, giving you a better body figure and less cellulites. Alcohol Heavy alcohol drinkers age faster because alcohol directly affects DNA. Studies found that heavy alcohol drinkers have shorter telomeres- a part of chromosomes linked to aging. Also, alcohol being a diuretic dehydrates you. Dehydration makes your skin dry and saggy, and wrinkles also appear to be more pronounced. Smoking Tobacco smoke contains reactive oxygen species, which increase matrix metalloproteinase level, leading to break down of collagen. Nicotine also constricts your blood vessels, reducing blood flow to your skin. Unhealthy Diet Processed food can speed up aging of your cells due to the high amount of saturated fats and trans fats that promotes inflammation. Same goes to high-sugar diet that cause inflammation and accelerates the breakdown of cells. Sun Exposure Ultraviolet rays from sunlight breakdown collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid in our skin, causing premature aging. It also causes melanin overproduction leading to hyperpigmentation. This is why sunscreen is extremely important. If you are too lazy to use other skincare products, at least use sunscreen!! Most people think that sunscreen is only needed when going outdoors, but this is incorrect. UV rays can actually pass through windows. Sunscreen can combat sunburns caused by UVB ray, and also UVA ray that has longer wavelength and is responsible for skin aging by seeping into your skin, breaking down collagen. Blue light emitted by indoor electronic devices can also cause skin damage. *A myth about aging: People with oily skin appear to age more slowly. - Skin aging is not related to the amount of sebum (oil). Instead, the more quality collagen and elastin you have within your skin, the healthier and younger your skin looks. So, for antiaging, look for a treatment that can stimulate collagen and elastin. Back to our main topic, there are tons of skin care available in the market that target aging, but do they work ?? Unfortunately, in the 6th decade and beyond, skin care will not reverse aging , but only helps to PRESERVE your skin. Furthermore, due to aging, there will be fat loss, bone resorption and weakened ligaments causing hollowness and sagging that cannot be resolved by skin care. This is when aesthetic treatments come into play to REVERSE signs of aging. WHAT CAN BE DONE? Ultherapy Ultherapy is approved by FDA as a safe and effective non invasive aesthetic procedure that lifts the neck, chin and brow, and improve lines and wrinkles. It utilizes microfocused ultrasound to target layers of tissues, and stimulate new collagen formation. During treatment, ultrasound gel and probe will be placed on your skin and direct visualization of the layers through ultrasound imaging ensures heat is delivered to areas that benefit you the most. So, for people who are afraid of needles or scalpels, this is the choice for a firming and lifting. BUT, of course, the result won’t be as dramatic as surgical face lift. After ultherapy, you will see improvement gradually as collagen continues to form, and best result can be seen in 3 to 6 months. Result can last 1 year or more and treatment can then be repeated. Thread lift Thread lift is a minimally invasive aesthetic procedure for face lifting. It involves insertion of medical grade sutures to hold onto facial tissues and pull them taut. It gives immediate lifting effect, and further improvement of facial sagging can be seen when the threads inserted stimulate collagen production in your skin. There are different types of thread and the duration for the threads to break down differs depending on the types. But even after the thread has dissolved, collagen stimulating effect continues. Again, thread lift cannot replace facelift surgery given its less dramatic and sustainable results, but it is a more suitable choice for people who cannot take downtime and not fit for general anaesthesia due to medical illness. Dermal fillers As you age, there is redistribution of facial fat. You lose deep fat, and superficial fat becomes droopy. That’s why you get hollowness in certain parts of your face while some areas become saggy. Dermal fillers can be used to replace volume loss, bone loss and to support overlying skin. Certain types of dermal fillers can help to stimulate collagen, E.g. Radiesse, Sculptra, Ellanse, hence able to improve your skin quality and youthfulness on top of volumisation. Static wrinkles can also be improved by dermal fillers. Botulinum toxin (a.k.a botox) Botox works by temporarily relaxing underlying muscles that contract and causes wrinkles. As a result, dynamic wrinkles no longer occur. Effect of botox last about 3 to 4 months, so treatment can be repeated after reoccurrence of wrinkles. FYI: Some brands of botulinum toxin can lead to resistance, in other words, not responding or decreased response to botox after a few treatments due to development of antibodies. It is theorized that antibodies developed because of “complexing proteins” present. Xeomin, which is one of the brands marketed, DOES NOT have this complexing proteins, therefore has LESS RISK of formation of antibodies and resistance. Laser Non ablative laser like Q-switched NdYAG 1064nm when used in low fluence for several sessions can improve hyperpigmentation. 532nm wavelength can treat hyperpigmentation in the epidermal layer, for instance, freckles, solar lentigo, age spots and seborrheic keratosis caused by sun exposure and aging. Skin resurfacing by ablative laser like CO2 laser and Erbium YAG laser can help improving conditions like wrinkles, sun spots, loose skin and scars. Ablative lasers remove the top layer of your skin and part of the second layer of your skin. After this controlled injury, your body responds by making new, healthier skin with less wrinkles and dark spots. This can also be achieved by fractional lasers that delivers laser beam to thousands of microscopic columns with lesser downtime. Ablative lasers are less popular among people with darker skin tone because it tends to leave hyperpigmentation for a longer period of time, which is known as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, or even hypopigmentation. This happens because people with darker skin tone have more melanosomes, and are larger in size. Lasers may remove too much melanin, causing hypopigmentation. Other possibility is that after injury, your skin produces extra melanin, and melanin may deposit abnormally, resulting in hyperpigmentation. Sublative radiofrequency Using a hand piece placed on the skin, each pulse of the treatment delivers radiofrequency via grid of spots similarly to fractional laser. The radiofrequency heats the skin enough to trigger healing response. The spots surrounding the treated area accelerates wound healing, thereby producing collagen and elastin. Wrinkles, superficial skin pigmentation are reduced and skin texture improves. It is safe and effective with less risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation for all skin types and colours as it minimally affects skin’s surface layer. Number of treatment session varies depending on severity and condition, but minimally 3 treatments are needed for better result. Chemical peel Chemical peeling involves application of chemical agent that results in exfoliation of skin followed by regrowth of new skin leading to skin rejuvenation. Different depths of peeling can improve different signs of aging including pigmentation, fine lines, wrinkles and large pores. Good things never come for free. Chemical peel does have downtime for about a week. You will experience redness, tightness and some swelling immediately after peel, dryness on the 2nd day and peeling on subsequent day, lasting for around a week. Similarly to ablative laser, there is risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, especially in people with dark skin tone. *For ablative laser and chemical peel in darker skin tone, skin preparation starting 6 weeks before procedure and after procedure care are required to minimize risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Microneedling+ PRP ( platelet rich plasma) Microneedling involves using device that has multiple tiny sterile needles to make punctures in the skin. It creates controlled injury to the skin, thereby triggering body natural healing response and induce collagen production. Microneedling is beneficial to multiple aging conditions, such as fine lines, hyperpigmentation, and enlarged pores. Combination of microneedling with PRP, also known as Vampire Facial has become a popular treatment for skin rejuvenation. Before treatment, your blood will be taken for centrifugation to produce concentration of platelets above normal value, which is the PRP. What makes PRP different from normal platelet is that PRP contains multiple growth factors and these growth factors are able to augment tissue repair and healing and stimulate collagen formation. Hence, there will be improvement in terms of elasticity, skin tone, complexion, pore size, hydration, skin texture and firmness. PRP together with the action of microneedling from dermapen give even better result. Growing popularity of microneedling has caused an exponential rise in home DIY device, but professionals use more advanced microneedling devices and longer needles for more noticeable results. If falls on amateur hands, long needles can be dangerous. Microneedling at home also has higher risk of infection due to the lack of sterility and proper care. Other than its benefits for skin, PRP injection can also treat hair loss. It is clinically proven to increase hair count, hair thickness and growth phase of hair cycle. Microdermabrasion In elderly, due to slower skin cycle, there is accumulation of stratum corneum (the uppermost layer of your skin), resulting in thick, dull and irregular skin surface. Microdermabrasion produces superficial ablation that removes stratum corneum. Subsequently, new layers of skin with improved complexion and texture replace within 1 to 2 weeks. As it only removes the top layer of your skin, it is not effective for deep wrinkles. If your concern is fine wrinkles, superficial pigmentation, enlarged pores, dry skin, and wants skin rejuvenation, then you can consider microdermabrasion. The above mentioned are some of the treatment options available for signs of aging. Combination therapy often yield better result . For example, combining ultherapy with fillers or ultherapy with thread lift, thread lift with fillers, fillers with botox, laser toning with microdermabrasion and many more. Doctors will carefully assess your face before deciding a treatment plan that suits you. There is always misconception that we cannot do anything about how we age as it is a natural process. Yes, aging is a natural process, BUT we are responsible for how well we age. Although genetic, lifestyle and environment factors play a huge part in aging, good skin care routine, especially sunblock starting from early age are important, and aesthetic procedures will be the icing on the cake. Aesthetic procedures can be a maintenance, and also a treatment when you finally have signs of aging that never go away with skin care alone. Everyone deserves to be beautiful, regardless of your age. So there is nothing to be ashamed of.

Acne is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a complex inflammatory condition caused by several factors: - Excessive sebum (oil) production - Cutibacterium acnes ( A type of bacteria previously known as Propionibacterium acnes. It is not the sole cause of acne. Cutibacterium acnes is a natural part of the skin’s microbiome, which consists of a diverse range of microorganisms that help maintain healthy skin. However, when there is an overgrowth of this bacteria, it can lead to inflammation and the formation of acne lesions.) - Alteration in follicular keratinisation ( This means that dead skin cells are not shed at an adequate rate, causing occlusion of pores and microcomedone formation.) - Inflammation These key factors are interrelated and may be influenced by several hormonal and genetic factors. There are many facts about acne that you may not be aware of. Here are some of the interesting facts about acne : 1. Acne can develop at any age People always have the misconception that when you get older, you will not get acne anymore. While acne is most commonly associated with teenagers, it can develop at any age. In fact, adult-onset acne is becoming increasingly common, particularly in women. 2. Acne can be caused by genetics Genetics play a role in development of acne on top of lifestyle and diet. If your parents or siblings have had acne, chances of you getting acne is more likely. 3. Stress can worsen acne Stress can trigger the production of hormones that can increase sebum production and contribute to development of acne. In addition, stress can also weaken your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off acne- causing bacteria. 4. Acne can be caused by certain medications Some medications, such as corticosteroids, lithium and anticonvulsants, can cause acne. 5. Protein supplement can cause acne Evidence suggests that whey protein may be a contributing factor in acne for some individuals. Whey protein is a popular supplement among gym goers and athletes as it is a high- quality protein and fast-digesting. However, whey protein increases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) which can stimulate the production of sebum. Sebum is pro-inflammatory and has the potential to clog pores when it is excessive, thus can worsen or trigger acne breakouts. Moreover, whey protein is often processed with added hormones and often consumed with milk, which are other sources that contribute to acne. If you suspect whey protein may be the cause of your acne breakouts, you can consider to exclude whey protein from your diet for a period of time and see if it makes a difference in your skin. Meanwhile, you can take alternative protein sources like egg whites, almonds, soy, walnuts, plant based protein and bone broth. However, not all individuals who consume whey protein will have acne. Some are more prone to having acne due to other contributing factors such as hormonal changes and genetics. 6. Dairy products can cause acne Dairy products, such as milk, cheese, contain hormones and growth factors that can stimulate the production of sebum, the oily substance that clogs pores and leads to acne. In addition, dairy products can also increase insulin levels in the body, which can trigger inflammation and contribute to acne. Several studies have shown a link between the consumption of dairy products and acne. In one study, researchers found that teenage girls who consumed more milk were more likely to develop acne than those who consumed less milk. Another study found that the risk of acne increased in individuals who consumed more than three servings of dairy products per day. But not all dairy products are associated with acne. For example, yoghurt is acne friendly, as probiotics in yoghurt can reduce IGF-1 level. 7. Sugar intake can cause acne Similarly, sugar, particularly refined sugar and high- glycaemic index carbohydrates, can cause a rapid increase in blood sugar levels, which can trigger the production of insulin and IGF-1, hence leading to inflammation and development of acne. I know it is not easy, especially if you are a sweet tooth person. But hey, think about good skin, it is worth considering reducing your consumption of high- glycaemic index carbohydrates. 8. Exercise and acne Exercise itself does not cause acne, but it can contribute to the development of acne breakouts in some people. This is because exercise causes sweating , which can mix with sebum and dead skin cells on the skin’s surface, leading to clogged pores and later acne breakouts. In addition, exercise can cause friction on the skin , particularly in areas where clothing or equipment rub against the skin, such as the back or chest. This can worsen existing acne or cause the development of new lesions. However, it is important to note that regular exercise and physical activity can have benefits for the skin and overall health. It improves your blood circulation and oxygenation to the skin, and it can also help to reduce stress, which is a known contributor to acne breakouts. Exercising is definitely a must in life to maintain good health. The key is to reduce the impact of exercise on acne by minimising friction to skin and practice good hygiene. These can be achieved by the following measures: - Shower or cleanse the skin as soon as possible after exercising to remove sweat and bacteria from the skin’s surface - Wear loose- fitting clothing that allows the skin to breathe and does not trap sweat against the skin. - Avoid wearing hats or headbands that can trap sweat against the skin. Bottom of Form 9. Menstrual period causes acne Wonder why is there flare up of blemishes and acne before your period? They usually strike about 7 to 10 days before the onset of your period and then subsides as soon as bleeding begins. The average menstrual cycle is 28 days. In the first half of menstrual cycle, estrogen predominates; in the second half, main hormone is progesterone. As bleeding approaches, both of these female hormones levels fall to the lowest, whereas the male hormone, testosterone (exist in smaller amount in female) remain the same level throughout the whole month. This implies that before and during menstruation, testosterone is relatively higher than the female hormones. In mid cycle when progesterone level rises, there is production of sebum. As progesterone level increase, skin swells up, compressing the pores and makes the pores look less visible. When both estrogen and progesterone level decrease and testosterone level is high, sebaceous glands make even more sebum on top of the sebum built up by progesterone. Excessive sebum disturbs the balance of bacteria Cutibacterium acnes, which is the bacteria that forms part of the normal flora of the skin. When bacteria overgrow, acne forms. 10. Acne can be caused by medical conditions Here are some of the medical conditions that can cause acne: - Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterised by high levels of androgen (male hormones) in the body, which can lead to acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and other symptoms like irregular periods, weight gain, and difficulty getting pregnant. - Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism leads to a number of hormone imbalances that could each lead to acne by themselves. In hypothyroidism, there is low progesterone level. This leads to high estrogen levels and estrogen dominance that increase sebum production. Hypothyroidism also influences insulin levels which in turns influence testosterone levels, leading to testosterone-induced acne and oily skin. Acne caused by hypothyroidism is usually cystic that can involve face and other parts of body, not associated with menstrual cycle, but present all the time especially at times of stress. It can also be accompanied by other symptoms of hypothyroidism such as weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, menstrual irregularity etc. - Cushing’s syndrome This is a disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol (a hormone produced by adrenal gland). It can be due to corticosteroid medications intake or by tumour in the pituitary gland or adrenal gland. Other than causing acne, it also leads to weight gain, muscle weakness and high blood pressure. - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and adrenal tumour Adrenal glands are responsible for producing hormones, including androgen such as testosterone. In these two conditions, there will be production of excess androgens, which can stimulate the oil glands in the skin to produce more sebum. In addition to androgen production, imbalance of cortisol also contributes to the development of acne. 11. You should never pop or squeeze your acne Attempts to squeeze or extract whiteheads or cysts can push the sebum and follicular debris deeper thus increasing lesion depth, inflammation, and immune response, creating more aggravated acne flare and increasing the potential to develop postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring. 12. Washing your face a lot will not clear up blemishes Washing your face twice a day is more than enough. Over exfoliating and over cleansing can worsen your acne as it may irritate and dries out your skin, leading to more oil production. 13. There are many reasons why acne can scar Family history is one of the biggest contributor to why you are prone to scarring . However, the most important predictor and an avoidable factor of acne scarring is the time to effective treatment . When there is too much time between initial flaring acne and effective treatment, scars tend to form due to the prolonged inflammation. So, treat your acne as soon as possible to prevent scarring. Self manipulation as mentioned in the previous point will increase the chance of severity of scarring. Severity and duration of your acnes largely determine if or how badly your acne will scar. Jawline hormonal acne also tend to form scars and is associated with deeper, painful and blind ended pimples. 14. Hot showers or baths, saunas or steam rooms can worsen acne People think that going to saunas or steam rooms help to expel toxins and let your pores breathe. But the truth is totally opposite. Heat can increase sebum production thus causing more harm than good to your acne-prone skin. 15. Fungal acne VS common acne Fungal acne, or Malassezia folliculitis, is an infection caused by overgrowth of yeast called Malassezia in the hair follicles on the skin. It is often confused with common acne. The symptoms of fungal acne can be similar to common acne, with small, red bumps or pustules. But unlike common acne, it causes itchiness of the bumps instead of pain. It tends to occur on the chest or back, rather than the face. Fungal acne can be persistent, and worsen with sweating and hot, humid temperatures. Treatment of fungal acne differs from the common acne. There is lack of response to traditional acne treatments like benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid, instead, its treatment typically involves the use of antifungal medications, such as topical or oral ketonazole in addition to changes to individual’s skin care routine to control the overgrowth of yeast. This includes avoiding heavy or occlusive skin care products, such as oils or heavy creams. Well, acne can be very frustrating and depressing. Do not lose hope, there are treatment options that can help you manage it effectively. Topical therapy available include Benzoyl peroxide, retinoids , antibiotic and azaleic acid. ( Examples of retinoids include tretinoin, isotretinoin, Adapalene (Differin), tazarotene) Retinoids can cause local irritation, so start off slow by applying 2 to 3 times per week and increase frequency to daily as tolerated. Comparing all retinoids, Adapalene is better tolerated. Adding actives like AHA (glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid) and BHA ( salicylic acid) can help to exfoliate your skin and clear up the dead skin cells that are built up. Salicylic acid is a popular one especially for acne skin as it can penetrate deep into the pores and help to remove dead skin cells and debris. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective for mild to moderate acne. Moreover, it can help to regulate sebum production, thereby reducing appearance of pores and acne. When there is severe form of acne like nodulocystic acne, oral isotretinoin or antibiotic may be added. Oral isotretinoin, which is more well known as Accutane, can benefit acne with scarring. Combination of topical and oral medications is more effective and reduces the risk of bacterial resistance. For example, combining benzoyl peroxide with oral antibiotic or oral isotretinoin, or topical retinoids with oral antibiotic. Steroids injection into nodulocystic acne lesion can rapidly reduce inflammation, resolve acne lesion and minimise chance of scarring. Physical therapies like acne facial, microdermabrasion and chemical peel can hasten the recovery of acne. Microdermabrasion is a non- invasive treatment that involves usage of tiny crystals or diamond-tipped wand to gently remove the top layer of dead skin cells. This can help to remove debris, excess oil and unclog pores. When dead skin cells layer is removed, skin tone and texture improve and topical treatment get absorbed better into the skin. Chemical peel also works similarly to microdermabrasion, but it involves application of chemical agent on the skin. It can penetrate deeper layer of the skin and stimulate collagen, hence is effective in treating complications of acne like postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne scarring. Most of you may be aware of the picture of hormonal acne, which mainly causes breakouts on your jawline or hairline, usually accompanied by oily skin and excess hair growth. If your acne is due to hormonal imbalance, then topicals most likely will not reduce your acne. Hormonal therapy like oral contraceptives and antiandrogen pill like spironolactone help with hormonal acne. However, in certain conditions like hypothyroidism, treating hormonal imbalance is not enough as the main problem is your thyroid. So, in this case, thyroid medication is the key to the cure of your acne. In other words, if your acne is due to underlying medical conditions, treat the underlying cause.

Are you frustrated by the stubborn fat that won’t seem to budge, despite your efforts at the gym? Do you find yourself dreading your workouts because they feel like a chore instead of a rewarding experience? If so, we have good news – Aqualyx may be the solution you have been searching for. Aqualyx is an injectable fat dissolving solution that can target areas like chin, abdomen, thighs, love handles, hips, knees and arms to help you achieve a more toned and sculpted appearance. However, it is important to note that Aqualyx does not provide a one-session solution for permanent or complete fat removal. Why? Let’s look into it in details to understand more. How does Aqualyx work? Aqualyx contains a compound called deoxycholic acid, basically a bile acid. It is one of the secondary bile acids that are formed by intestinal bacteria from their metabolism. Naturally, its function is to emulsify and solubilize fats from our diet in the intestine. Research started in 2002 implied that deoxycholic acid is responsible for the lysis of fat cells, and in 2007, Professor Pasquale Motolese developed this preparation and technique to perform this treatment. Aqualyx is injected subcutaneously (fat layer) to disrupt cell membranes in fat cells and destroying them over time- in a process called adipocytolysis. After the breakdown of fat cells, they will be drained by lymphatic system to the liver to be metabolised and then excreted by the kidneys. Before deciding a treatment plan, we will assess your suitability for the treatment and discuss your expectations. Suitability depends on few factors: - Will you be able to accept the downtime? - How much fat do you have? Or is it just loose skin? - Any contraindications? - Can you accept injections and some pain? - Will you be able to stick to post procedure care? Your expectations: - Are you looking for a one-time treatment with immediate result? - Are you aiming to lose just subcutaneous fat or visceral fat as well? Let’s address these questions one by one. 1. Will you be able to accept the downtime? Immediately after treatment, treated areas will appear red, swollen with possible bruising and itching . Do not worry, this is because Aqualyx works by triggering inflammatory response in your fat cells. Noticeable swelling indicates treatment progression and will last for around 5 days. After swelling has gone down, you will return to look normal, but may not feel normal upon touching as there will possibly be small lumps and bumps that are not usually visible under the skin and may take a week or more to resolve. These lumps and bumps may be bruises or dead fat tissues that are still pending to be taken away by your lymphatic system. All these effects also depend on the amount of solution injected. For example, the face only requires a small amount of fat dissolving solution, so side effects are minimal and requires shorter recovery period. It is better to avoid strenuous exercise for the first week while your body is still processing. But overall, downtime for Aqualyx is pretty tolerable and you can still head back to work after treatment. 2. How much fat do you have? Aqualyx is effective in reducing localized pockets of fat . If you have excessive amounts of fat or are significantly overweight, exercise and healthy diet to lose weight should be your main aim, while Aqualyx can be used for stubborn fat that are resistant to diet and exercise. Sometimes, you might mistook loose skin as fat. Loose and flabby skin will not benefit from Aqualyx injection. Instead, Ultherapy will be the choice of treatment for loose skin at face, chin and neck and radiofrequency for the body. 3. Any contraindications? There are few conditions when Aqualyx is contraindicated, which means if you have one of these conditions, you should not go for Aqualyx injection. - Pregnant - Breastfeeding - Autoimmune disease - Treatment may exacerbate the conditions. - Diabetes - Aqualyx is contraindicated in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes because it can potentially increase blood sugar levels from the inflammation and tissue damage. Furthermore, individuals with diabetes may have impaired healing, hence higher risk of infection. - Allergic or anaphylactic reaction to Aqualyx - Skin disease on treatment area- Treatment may exacerbate the conditions. - On blood thinning medications , in particularly warfarin, as there is risk of severe bruising - Severe liver and kidney disease - Deoxycholic acid is primarily eliminated from the body through liver and kidneys. In people with kidney disease, the function of kidneys is compromised, which can lead to build up of toxins and waste products in the body. Extra fat could also overwork the liver, which can be problematic for people with liver disease. 4. Can you accept injection and some pain? Aqualyx treatment involves multiple injections to the target areas. Numb cream and ice pack application before injection can minimize pain and discomfort. Local anaesthesia will also be mixed together with the fat dissolving solution. You may still experience minimal discomfort, more of a burning or stinging sensation upon injection, but most people find it tolerable. 5. Will you be able to stick to post procedure care? After Aqualyx treatment, you should consume low-fat diet to reduce additional stress to your liver by having to cope with processing two sources of fat, which are fat from your usual diet and fat destroyed by Aqualyx injection. As Aqualyx dissolves the fat, manual massage is encouraged not only to ensure even distribution for better result, but also to aid lymphatic system in eliminating the waste products. You should also drink plenty of water after treatment to help flush out the waste products. You should avoid exposure to extreme temperature , including saunas, steam rooms and sunbathing until the initial swelling has resolved, which takes about a week. Strenuous exercise should also be avoided for a week as you may still feel tender and uncomfortable. You can resume gentle exercise when you feel ready. 6. Are you looking for a one-time treatment with immediate result? If you are in a hurry to lose fat or if you prefer a one-time treatment with immediate result, then Aqualyx is not a suitable choice of treatment. Unlike liposuction, in which fats are sucked manually and removed as much as possible, Aqualyx depends on the action of deoxycholic acid that disrupts cell membranes in fat cells and destroying them over time. The action of deoxycholic acid is variable as it can be influenced by multiple factors. You can expect to see a noticeable reduction in size and contour of treated area within a few weeks after treatment, with optimal result typically visible after few sessions depending on areas being treated. Sessions required can range from 3 to 8 treatments, with the least required for smaller areas with lesser fat and vice versa. Hence, if you have just undergone the first Aqualyx treatment and no visible improvement yet, don’t need to feel demotivated. Be patient and continue with the treatment plan and you will see improvement eventually. However, there are ways to help Aqualyx work better. This include massaging the treated areas to allow dispersion and even distribution of Aqualyx throughout the fat tissues, and avoiding anti-inflammatory medication that will counteract the effect of Aqualyx. 7. Are you aiming to burn subcutaneous fat, or visceral fat as well? Subcutaneous fat is the fat underneath you skin, whereas visceral fat is the fat that lies deep within your abdominal walls and wraps around your liver, stomach, intestines and other important organs. The most obvious sign of visceral fat is a growing belly, but it can indicate subcutaneous fat as well. Sedentary lifestyle and poor diet with high intake of saturated fats and carbohydrates increase visceral fat. Surprisingly, stress contributes to the build up of visceral fat too. This is because stress activates cortisol, which is a hormone in your body. High cortisol level activates your body’s fight or flight response that triggers buildup of visceral fat. Some levels of visceral fat are healthy and act as protection to your organs. However, too much visceral fat can be dangerous, and is more dangerous than subcutaneous fat as it can increase the risk of certain health problems, such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes . If you have too much subcutaneous fat, it is often a sign that you have too much visceral fat as well. It is important to note that health is more than beauty. It is true that aesthetic and surgical procedures can help to reduce your subcutaneous fat and achieve your ideal body shape, but healthy diet and exercise should not be forgotten to ensure healthy level of visceral fat. While Aqualyx can be effective at reducing subcutaneous fat, it is NOT designed to target or eliminate visceral fat. If you are looking to reduce visceral fat, it is important to focus on healthy diet and regular exercise. This can help to decrease overall body fat and improve your overall health. Treatment like Redustim can also help to burn up to 8% of visceral fat. Redustim is an aesthetic medical device that uses BioStimology technology, in which low frequency alternating BioEnergetic field stimulates calcium pump in the muscle cells. Calcium pump causes contraction of muscles, and uses energy in the form of ATP that is derived from visceral fat, thereby reducing visceral fat. Treat ment takes 45 minutes per session, and effect is comparable to heavy exercise. On top of that, ReduStim has micropressure that follows the direction of lymphatic drainage. This helps to eliminate toxins and metabolic wastes including broken down fat cells from the body through lymphatic drainage. In short, Redustim helps you to lose weight while improving your health. ReduStim treatment is completely painless. It only involves you slipping into the special suit connected to the device, and relaxing yourself in a lying down position for the entire procedure. However, treatment requires 2 to 3 sessions per week with a total of 12 sessions . Maintenance treatment is advised for continuous improvement. There are also some common questions regarding Aqualyx: 1. Is Aqualyx harmful to the body? Aqualyx is composed of naturally occurring ingredients, deoxycholic acid, which is a secondary bile acid. After it is injected and fat cells are destroyed, the remains are processed and eliminated from the body through the lymphatic system . Therefore, Aqualyx itself is not harmful to the body. However, when there is pre-existing disease that may complicate Aqualyx treatment, such as liver or kidney disease and as mentioned in “contraindications” earlier, Aqualyx should be avoided. 2. Is the result permanent? Not exactly. Fat cells that are destroyed are lost permanently. Results can be maintained as long as you commit to healthy lifestyle alongside treatment. If you have inactive lifestyle and consume diet high in saturated fats and carbohydrate (sugar), fat cells that were not destroyed by Aqualyx will begin to grow with time. In conclusion, Aqualyx is an innovative and effective non-surgical treatment to reduce stubborn fat in specific areas of the body to help you achieve a slimmer and more contoured appearance without the need for surgery or long downtime. However, treatment is a choice and a shared decision making between you and the doctors. The information given above should have more or less covered your doubts on whether you are a suitable candidate for Aqualyx treatment. How about weight loss then? In recent times, there has been a lot of buzz around weight loss injection drugs such as Saxenda and Ozempic . Saxenda contains Liraglutide, whereas Ozempic contains Semaglutide, which are both Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). Ozempic is originally used to treat people with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. They are not insulin injection. They mimic glucagon hormone in our body, and both glucagon and insulin are equally important to manage the body’s blood glucose level. They work by suppressing the hunger centre in your brain responsible for appetite. They also give you feeling of fullness as stomach emptying is delayed, meaning that the food you consumed remains in the stomach for longer period of time before it is digested. This causes people to eat less and lose weight over time. Although it sounds tempting to people who are eager to lose weight, they do cause side effects like nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea . A more serious risk linked to these GLP-1 drugs is hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar level), but higher risk if you are also taking other blood sugar lowering drugs like sulfonylureas or insulin. Though not proven in human, lab studies have linked these drugs with thyroid tumours in rats . Hence, these drugs are not recommended if you have family history of medullary thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia. They are also not recommended if you have had pancreatitis. Question is, if you rely solely on the drug to lose weight and continue an inactive lifestyle and unhealthy diet, what happens when you stop taking the drug? There is a high likelihood that you will gain the weight back. It is not sustainable to take these drugs for the rest of your life, nor is it necessarily desirable, given the potential for side effects. Adopting healthy lifestyle can be challenging because it means changing your habits and behaviours, but it is ultimately more sustainable and without side effects.