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Acne, a common skin condition, affects millions worldwide, leaving behind not just physical but emotional imprints on people who suffer from it. While acne itself can be distressing, the scars it leaves behind often pose an enduring challenge, affecting self-confidence and self-esteem. Acne scars form as a result of inflammatory acne lesions, where the skin tissue is damaged during the healing process. There are two main types of scars: atrophic scars, which appear as a depression in the skin, and raised scars that include hypertrophic and keloid scars. Each type requires a unique approach to treatment. Prevention is better than cure Preventing new acne breakouts and treating acne early before scar formation is crucial. A proper skincare products and routine that involve gentle cleansing, non-comedogenic products, and sun protection can create a stable environment for your skin. If your acne persists despite using over-the-counter skincare products, consultation with doctor is necessary for appropriate treatment. Treatment can include topicals, oral medications, procedural treatments or combination based on the severity of your acne. Types of acne scars Atrophic scars develop when there is insufficient collagen production during the skin’s repair after a breakout. There are three main types of atrophic acne scars: 1. Rolling scar Rolling scars are wide depressions with shallow edge, giving the skin a wave-like appearance. They result from the damage and tethering of underlying tissue. This happens when skin heals from inflammation, fibrous bands form underneath, pulling the epidermis downwards and creating the rolling or undulating appearance. 2. Boxcar scar Boxcar scars are broader depressions with well- defined edges. 3. Icepick scar Icepick scars are deep and narrow. They develop when an inflamed acne follicle collapses, causing a deep pit in the skin. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are types of raised scars that can develop after acne lesions have healed. 1. Hypertrophic scars Hypertrophic scars develop due to an overproduction of collagen during the healing process of acne lesions. When the body repairs the skin after acne, excess collagen is produced, leading to the raised and thickened appearance characteristic of hypertrophic scars. They are located at the site of healed pimple, and do not extend beyond the boundaries of the original acne lesion. 2. Keloids Keloids result from an overgrowth of scar tissue beyond the boundaries of the original wound or acne lesion. They can have a rubbery or hard consistency, and can be itchy, painful, and extend into surrounding healthy skin. Keloids can develop after severe or deep acne lesions, especially in individuals with a genetic predisposition to keloid formation. Hypertrophic and keloid scars can affect people of any race, ethnicity, or population. However, it is noted that individuals with darker skin tones, particularly those of African, Hispanic, and Asian descent, are more prone to developing hypertrophic and keloid scars. These scars tend to be more noticeable and prevalent in people with darker skin tone. They can develop not only after acne resolves but also following various forms of injury, including trauma, surgical procedures, injections, and piercings. In general, scars are common in individuals who experience severe or inflamed acne. Picking, squeezing, or manipulating acne lesions can increase the risk of developing scars. There is a range of treatments available for atrophic scars, including: Microneedling As its name suggest, it basically utilizes a device equipped with multiple tiny, sterile needles to create micro-injuries in the skin. There are three basic forms of microneedling devices: the dermaroller, which is dragged across the skin to create punctures, dermapen, which creates punctures in skin in a high-speed stamping motion, and derma stamp that works just like a stamp to push microneedles into the skin that needs to be treated. It works by creating controlled injuries to the skin, triggering the body’s natural healing response and stimulates collagen production, hence improving the appearance of atrophic scars. Subcision Subcision is for scars that are tethered to underlying tissues, causing them to appear depressed or uneven, such as rolling acne scars. Cannula is inserted beneath the skin through a tiny incision made in the skin’s surface. The cannula is then moved back and forth in a controlled manner. This motion helps release the fibrous bands that are pulling the scar downward, allowing the depressed area to lift and become more level with the surrounding skin. Chemical peel Chemical solution is applied to the skin, causing it to exfoliate and peel off in few days. This process encourages new, healthier skin to replace the old, damaged skin, resulting in a smoother skin. In cases when the scars are deep like icepick or deep boxcar scars, TCA cross is used. TCA cross is a procedure used to treat acne scars, particularly ice pick scars. Unlike traditional chemical peels that are applied over the entire face, TCA cross targets specific scars. A high concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is precisely applied to the base of each individual acne scar. The acid penetrates the skin, causing controlled damage to the scar tissue. Skin then undergoes healing process, during which new collagen forms. This collagen production helps to elevate and fill in the depressed scar, making it less noticeable. The whitish discoloration is called frosting, which occurs 30 seconds to 2 minutes after application. This frosting effect is a result of protein coagulation in the epidermis caused by the reaction of TCA with the skin proteins. It indicated the precise penetration of the acid and suggests that the treatment is working as intended. Frosting is a temporary reaction. Laser resurfacing Ablative lasers emit high- energy light pulses that vaporize or remove the outer layers of skin, allowing fresh skin to emerge. Ablative lasers are available in fractional and fully ablative forms. Fractional lasers target columns of skin tissue, leaving adjacent areas untouched to optimize the healing process. In contrast, fully ablative lasers remove the entire outer skin layer and penetrate the underlying dermis with heat. Recovery after fully ablative treatments typically involves more downtime and careful aftercare, and pose risks for individuals with dark skin tones due to potential pigmentation issues. Nevertheless, its ability to effectively treat acne scars is unquestionable. Another option for resurfacing without damaging too much burn of the superficial skin is the Sublative treatment. Whereby RF energy is shot below the skin. Radiofrequency microneedling RF microneedling is a minimally invasive procedure that combines microneedling with radiofrequency energy to rejuvenate the skin and improve its texture. There are multiple microneedles fixed onto the device, and the microneedles penetrate your skin and deliver radiofrequency at a preset depth. It differs from ablative lasers in several aspects. Ablative lasers remove the layers of skin from epidermis to dermis, whereas RF microneedling spares the epidermis, as insulated needles penetrate into your skin at a preset depth in dermal layer, where scars reside, before delivery of energy. Because of this, RF microneedling has lesser downtime and is safer for individuals with darker skin tone due to lower risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Besides, ablative lasers also cannot reach as deep as RF microneedling, making them less effective when used as a standalone treatment for deep scars. Rejuran S Rejuran S is gaining popularity as a treatment for acne scars. Rejuran S contains polynucleotides, which are DNA fragments extracted from salmon and has excellent biocompatibility with human skin without any immune response. Polynucleotide have regenerative and healing properties, thus is used for skin rejuvenation. Rejuran S has higher viscosity compared to other range of Rejuran, enabling it to plump the depressed area, making scars appear less noticeable instantly. However, the plumping effect is temporary and does not reflect the final outcome of the treatment. The complete benefits of the treatment become evident over several months when new and more collagen are formed. Dermal filler Dermal filler adds volume to the depressed areas, raising the depressed areas to the level of surrounding skin. This approach provides immediate results, although it's temporary and requires periodic touch-ups. Punch excisions For deep or stubborn scars, punch excisions involve removing the scar and stitching the skin back together. This method is particularly effective for ice pick scars. Treatments for keloid and hypertrophic acne scars include steroid injection, application of silicone sheets or gels, pressure dressing, laser treatments or surgical excision of scar tissue. Acne scars in darker skin Addressing acne scars in individuals with darker skin tones presents a distinctive challenge. Darker skin naturally contains more melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Procedures that penetrate the skin’s upper layer can potentially lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). While PIH is a common part of healing process for people with darker skin, dissatisfaction among clients might lead to non-compliance or discontinuation of treatment sessions. Besides, to minimise the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, gentler treatment settings are often employed, necessitating more sessions for effective results. For darker skin type, it is essential to use specific skincare ingredients before and after the procedure and protect the treated area from sun exposure during the healing process to prevent PIH. Improving acne scars demands patience and commitment. Deep scars often necessitate a combination of diverse treatments. A consultation is essential to determine the most suitable therapies tailored to your specific scars and skin type. Dark spots and red spots after acne After acne heals, skin sometimes develops dark and red spots, referred to as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and postinflammatory erythema respectively. PIH arises from abnormal melanin production and deposition after inflammation, leading to dark spots. Postinflammatory erythema, on the other hand, results from damage and dilation of small blood vessels due to inflammation, causing red spots. While both conditions are temporary, they can persist for months or even years without treatment. Home DIY microneedling YAY or NAY? In recent years, microneedling has emerged as a highly sought-after aesthetic treatment, gaining immense popularity among individuals seeking to enhance their skin’s appearance. Microneedling does not only improve scars, but the procedure also facilitates improved absorption of skincare products into the skin, as the punctures created by the microneedles allow for deeper penetration through the skin’s primary barrier, the stratum corneum. This, in turns, can lead to a more profound and long- lasting improvement in the skin’s texture, tone and overall appearance. Microneedling is a beneficial treatment for a range of skin conditions, extending beyond scars to address issues like fine lines, hyperpigmentation, postinflammatory erythema, enlarged pores, and stretch marks. While professional microneedling is performed by licensed aestheticians or dermatologists, the skyrocketing popularity of microneedling has led to a surge in the use of at-home DIY devices. Yet, the crucial question that beckons attention is whether it is prudent to undertake microneedling at home with such devices, considering the potential safety concerns. Professional microneedling VS home microneedling RISK OF INFECTION Risk of infection is one significant aspect. Microneedling should be conducted in a clean environment with sterile tools, and appropriate skin preparation and after-care are essential. When performed at home, the lack of sterility and proper care increases the likelihood of infection. The risk further compounds when the same device head is repeatedly used. Conversely, professional microneedling is conducted in a controlled and sterile environment, minimizing the risk of infection. RESULT Microneedling require knowledge of anatomy and proper training to utilize correctly. Microneedling done by professionals ensures optimal outcomes by controlling depth and speed of the device based on area of the face and specific indication. Furthermore, professionals use more advanced microneedling devices with longer needles to achieve more noticeable results. However, in the hands of an amateur, long needles can post a threat to safety. SAFETY PROFILE In today’s era, the advent of social media has enabled individuals to share their own “how-to” guides on various topics, including skincare. However, incorrect techniques can result in suboptimal outcomes, such as unsightly scarring. The idea of at-home microneedling may seem like a convenient and affordable way to achieve smoother, more youthful-looking skin, it is not without risks. Improper use of the device can lead to unwanted outcomes like infection and scarring. Although home microneedling can be beneficial when it is done correctly, it is an indisputable fact that professional microneedling produces superior results with better safety profile.

Malaysia is facing alarming projections regarding obesity rates in the near future. According to a recent report by the World Obesity Federation, it is anticipated that 41% of the country’s adults will be obese by 2035, indicating a significant rise in the prevalence of obesity. Excess body fat can have severe health implications, including heart diseases, stroke, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders like osteoarthritis, and certain cancers like endometrial, breast, and colon cancer. These conditions not only lead to premature death, but also cause significant disability. Let’s face it, saying no to yummy treats, especially when there are so many tempting cafes and restaurants, can be tough! But hey, the good news is, more and more folks are hitting the gym and embracing the fitness vibe. Are you fat or fit? People often express a desire to ‘lose weight’, but it is crucial to understand that weight is not just about fat; it includes muscle mass too. Consider this scenario: imagine a bodybuilder and a sedentary person, both having the same height and weight, resulting in a BMI of 30, which is classified as obese. Does this mean the bodybuilder is obese? Certainly not. This highlights the limitation of using weight and BMI as sole indicators of health or ideal body composition. Weight can’t differentiate between muscle and fat, and a person with a higher muscle mass might have a higher weight but be healthier and fitter than someone with the same weight but lower muscle mass. It is essential to focus on body composition, overall fitness, and lifestyle habits rather than relying solely on weight-related metrics to assess health and well-being. An effective method to gauge your body composition is through our InBody machine, which provides analysis of your muscle and fat distribution. It also offers segmental analysis, means it precisely reveals how your fat and muscles are distributed throughout your body. Additionally, the InBody machine can estimate your visceral fat level, giving you an understanding of your internal fat accumulation, a crucial insight for overall health assessment. With this detailed information, you can make informed decisions about your fitness and wellness journey. In terms of losing fat, the key lies in maintaining a balance between the calories you consume and the calories you expend. Calorie intake can be controlled by reducing overall fat consumption and choosing unsaturated fats over saturated fats. Food with high glycemic index should be avoided while intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains and nuts should be increased. One practical strategy for managing your calorie intake effectively is by taking meal replacement. What are the best approaches to fat loss? Berry Fit Berry fit is a meal replacement drink designed to provide a convenient alternative to your traditional meal. It is fortified with essential nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals, aiming to offer a balanced nutritional profile similar to a full meal. Its delicious taste comes from a blend of mixed berried (blackberry, raspberry, blueberry, elderberry) despite being sugar and milk-free. The multigrain ingredient gives it a satisfying texture. Whether you prefer it concentrated or diluted is entirely up to you; adjust the water to achieve your desired thickness. Few benefits of meal replacement drinks include: Convenience You can consider meal replacement if you have busy lifestyles and does not have time to prepare or sit down for a full meal. They are quick, portable, and can be consumed on the go. Weight Management Meal replacement drinks can be part of your weight loss or weight management plan. Berry Fit has controlled calorie content of 120 kcal, making it easier to monitor daily caloric intake, which is essential for weight control. Nutritional balance Berries are packed with antioxidants, essential for bolstering your immune system and supporting overall health. These powerful compounds not only fortify your body’s defenses, but also play a key role in promoting healthy aging. Berry Fit is also formulated to provide essential nutrients, including proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals. It aims to offer a well-rounded nutritional profile, ensuring that consumers receive a mix of macronutrients and micronutrients. Protein content in Berry Fit also help you to maintain and build muscle mass, promotes satiety, and supports the feeling of fullness. Next, to burn calories, it is beneficial to engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days. Various technologies can also support your efforts in achieving fat loss goals, such as: Redustim Redustim is an aesthetic medical device that uses BioStimology technology, in which low frequency alternating BioEnergetic field stimulates calcium pump in the muscle cells. Calcium pump causes contraction of muscles, and uses energy in the form of ATP that is derived from visceral fat, thereby reducing visceral fat. Treatment takes 45 minutes per session, and effect is comparable to heavy exercise. On top of that, ReduStim has micropressure that follows the direction of lymphatic drainage. This helps to eliminate toxins and metabolic wastes including broken down fat cells from the body through lymphatic drainage. People tend to overlook the importance of building muscle mass. In fact, building muscle mass is not only for those looking to lose weight but also for individuals who appear slim. EMS EMS is a non-invasive body contouring treatment that uses high intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technology to induce powerful muscle contractions. These contractions are similar to those that occur during intense physical exercise, resulting in the strengthening and toning of muscles in specific areas. It is especially beneficial for individuals who face challenges engaging in rigorous workouts due to mobility issues but aim to shed excess fat and enhance muscle tone. Why is building muscles important? Muscle tissue requires more energy at rest compared to fat tissue. Therefore, having more muscle increases your resting metabolic rate, meaning you burn more calories even when you are not active. This increased calorie expenditure makes it easier to maintain a healthy weight. Also, muscles are actively involved in most physical activities. When you have more muscle mass, you burn more calories during exercises. After a workout, your body continues to burn calories during the recovery process, especially if the workout involved resistance training. This phenomenon is known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) or the afterburn effect. Having more muscle increases the duration and intensity of this effect, leading to additional calorie burn and potential weight loss. Physical performance Muscles provide the strength and power needed for daily activities and physical performances. Whether it is lifting groceries or participating in sports, adequate muscle mass enhances overall functionality. Adequate muscle mass maintains functional independence, allowing you to perform daily tasks without assistance even when you aged. Bone health Muscles provide support to the bones. Engaging in weight-bearing exercises that build muscle also promotes bone density, reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Neglecting muscle development can lead to a frail and unhealthy body, even for those with a seemingly slim physique. Hence, it is an aspect of fitness that should not be ignored, as it plays a role in preventing future health issues. EMS is not just beneficial for muscle toning at your tummy, arms, thighs, buttocks. It can also address specific concerns such as strengthening the pelvic floor muscles. This is particularly important for women who experience incontinence, either due to overweight or have gone through pregnancy, hormonal changes, like reduced estrogen during menopause, causing weaken pelvic floor muscles and surrounding ligaments. This issue is not exclusive to women; men, especially with age, can also face bladder weakness. By simply sitting fully clothed on EMS chair for a 30-minutes session, EMS helps improve the performance of pelvic floor muscles, providing a non- invasive and convenient way to address this concern. Unexpected weight gain or struggles with weight loss might be indicative of underlying medical conditions. If you find yourself experiencing rapid weight changes despite your efforts, further workup may be required to rule out medical issues, and addressing them can be key to achieving your health and fitness goals. Some medical conditions that closely link to increased body fat include: Hypothyroidism Thyroid issues can affect your weight, body temperature and total and resting energy expenditure regardless of physical activity. With hypothyroidism, your metabolism slows down. In other words, you will gain weight, and it is harder to shed extra pounds or maintain a healthy body weight. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) PCOS is a condition where the ovaries produce an excessive amount of androgens, typically found in small quantities in women. The term ‘polycystic’ refers to the multiple small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that develop in the ovaries. PCOS is closely linked to obesity and difficulty losing weight. Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which means their bodies do not respond well to insulin (hormone that converts sugars from food into energy), causing insulin and sugar to build up in the bloodstream. Insulin resistance can promote fat storage, particularly around the abdomen. It can also lead to increased hunger and cravings, making it more challenging to maintain a healthy diet and lose weight. Obesity in turn can also exacerbate the symptoms of PCOS such as further metabolic issues and reproductive abnormalities. Cushing syndrome Cushing syndrome is a condition characterised by the overproduction of cortisol. One of its prominent features is central or truncal obesity, meaning excess fat accumulates around the abdomen and torso. The reason behind this specific distribution of fat can be attributed to the interplay of appetite stimulation and the impact of glucocorticoids, the class of hormones that includes cortisol. Glucocorticoids not only influence our appetite, often leading to increased cravings and overeating, but they also promote the storage of visceral fat. Visceral fat is the fat stored around internal organs in the abdominal cavity and is associated with various health risks. Excessive cortisol also disrupts the body’s normal fat distribution, leading to central obesity with sparing of fat accumulation in buttocks and thighs. Does stress make you fat? Yes, it does. Cortisol, a hormone naturally generated by the adrenal glands, plays a role in your body’s stress response. When you encounter stress, cortisol is released, triggering the fight-or-flight mechanism. This response temporarily halts regular bodily functions and slows down your metabolism, redirecting energy to cope with the stressor. Chronic stress or prolonged periods of heightened cortisol levels can lead to various health issues. One significant effect of elevated cortisol levels is their impact on your metabolism and eating habits. Cortisol stimulates your fat and carbohydrate metabolism, generating a surge of energy. While this process is beneficial in high-stress situations, it also increases your appetite. Moreover, increased cortisol levels often result in cravings for sweet, fatty and salty food. Excess cortisol in your system can interfere with the production of other hormones, like testosterone. A surplus of cortisol may cause your body to generate less testosterone, a hormone crucial for maintaining muscle mass and regulating your metabolism. Consequently, a decreased testosterone levels can lead to a reduction in muscle mass and a slowdown in the number of calories your body burns at rest. Insufficient sleep or insomnia can also make you fat. Inadequate sleep disrupts the balance of key hormones, increasing ghrelin which boosts appetite and decreasing leptin which signals fullness. This imbalance often leads to weight gain. Conversely, getting sufficient sleep could help regulate these hormones, promoting a healthier balance and potentially supporting weight management. When facing increasing body fat linked to medical conditions, the primary objective is to address the root cause of the issue, rather than solely focusing on weight loss. By treating the core health issue, you can achieve sustainable and healthier weight management outcomes.

Beauty is more than skin deep, and sometimes, our bodies send signals through aesthetic changes that could be indicators of underlying health issues. Let's uncover the subtle signs that your body might be trying to tell you something about your overall health. Aesthetic issues: Xanthelasma Xanthelasma is a skin condition characterized by yellowish, cholesterol-rich deposits that typically appear around the eyelids. These soft, raised patches are often symmetrical and can vary in size. While xanthelasma itself is usually harmless, it can be indicative of underlying health issues, particularly elevated cholesterol levels and an increased risk of heart disease. Typically, this condition is observed in individuals in their middle-aged or older years, and it appears more frequently in women than in men. It is most prevalent among individuals with familial roots in Asia or the Mediterranean. Approximately half of those with xanthelasma have elevated cholesterol levels. Your likelihood of developing xanthelasma is higher if you have: -       High LDL (“bad” cholesterol) or low HDL (“good” cholesterol) -       Inherited high cholesterol, referred to as familial hypercholesterolemia by doctors -       Primary biliary cirrhosis, a liver condition which can elevate cholesterol levels Xanthelasma can also be associated with diabetes and thyroid dysfunction. It can manifest even in individuals with cholesterol levels considered within the normal range. Hence, getting a blood test can be helpful if you have xanthelasma. While treatment for xanthelasma is generally not deemed medically essential, people may opt for treatment due to cosmetic concerns. Addressing the root cause, such as effectively managing elevated lipid levels, can contribute to the successful management of this condition. Aesthetic treatments available include ablative laser and surgical excision. Treatments are effective, but there is also possibility of the growths recurring, particularly in cases of inherited high cholesterol. Acanthosis nigricans Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition characterized by the development of dark, thickened, and velvety patches on the skin. These patches typically appear in areas with folds or creases, such as the neck, armpits, groin, and the back of the joints. Acanthosis nigricans is not a disease itself, but is often associated with underlying health issues. The precise cause of acanthosis nigricans remains uncertain, but is primarily associated with conditions of insulin resistance. This correlation is often observed in conjunction with obesity, diabetes, and various metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, generalized lipodystrophy and underactive thyroid. Sometimes, acanthosis nigricans may have a hereditary component, inherited from parents, or be a component of a genetic syndrome. Additionally, it can be induced by certain medications, including oral contraceptives or steroids. Rarely, there is a link with an internal malignancy. People with malignant acanthosis nigricans tend to be middle-aged, not obese, and lesions develop abruptly. There is no treatment specifically tailored for acanthosis nigricans, but some treatments that can be beneficial in reducing the appearance of acanthosis nigricans include: -       Skincare products designed to lighten the skin and enhance the turnover rate of skin cells, thereby assisting in the clearance of the skin. -       Laser treatment -       Chemical peel It is important to explore whether an underlying disease is playing a role in its development. Identifying and addressing these underlying conditions could result in the clearing or improvement of your skin. Taking an active role in managing this condition is also important by changing lifestyle such as weight loss and dietary modifications to enhance insulin sensitivity. Obesity Obesity can result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Several medical conditions can contribute to or be associated with obesity. Here are some medical conditions that may cause or contribute to obesity: 1.     Hypothyroidism- An underactive thyroid can lead to a decrease in metabolism, causing weight gain. 2.     Cushing’s syndrome- This disorder is characterized by the overproduction of cortisol, a hormone that can lead to weight gain, especially in the abdominal area. 3.     Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)- PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can cause weight gain, insulin resistance, and difficulties in losing weight. 4.     Prader-Willi Syndrome- This is a genetic disorder that results in insatiable hunger and a slowed metabolism, often leading to obesity. 5.     Insulin resistance- Conditions such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes can involve insulin resistance, making it difficult for the body to regulate blood sugar and leading to weight gain. 6.     Genetic factors- Genetic predisposition can play a significant role in a person’s susceptibility to obesity. 7.     Hypothalamic obesity- Hypothalamus is a structure within the brain responsible for regulating appetite. If the hypothalamus undergoes damage, which can result from a brain tumor or head injury, it may lead to swift weight gain. This is attributed to changes in brain response, attention, satiety, and eating behaviors. 8.     Binge eating disorder- An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food, often rapidly and to the point of discomfort, which can contribute to obesity. While these conditions may contribute to weight gain, lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity also play a crucial role in the development and management of obesity. Additionally, the interaction between genetics and the environment is complex, and individual responses to these factors can vary. Addressing the root medical conditions can support weight loss. Additionally, making lifestyle modifications and incorporating certain aesthetic treatments can contribute to the effective management of weight and fat. Hair loss Hair loss, or alopecia, can result from various medical conditions, genetic factors, hormonal changes and environmental influences. Here are some medical conditions that can contribute to hair loss: 1.     Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. These can cause hair loss as the immune system attacks healthy cells, including own hair follicles. 2.     Nutritional deficiencies: Inadequate intake of essential nutrients like vitamins and minerals, including zinc, iron, and vitamin D, can contribute to hair loss. 3.     Thyroid disorders: Conditions such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and drug-induced hypothyroidism have been associated with widespread hair shedding. 4.     Scalp infections, such as ringworm, and other fungal conditions can cause hair loss 5.     Trichotillomania: This is a psychological disorder where individuals have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, leading to noticeable hair loss. 6.     Cushing’s syndrome 7.     PCOS Hirsutism Hirsutism is a condition characterized by the excessive growth of coarse, dark hair in areas where men typically grow hair, primarily in women. This abnormal hair growth pattern is often associated with an increase in androgens, which are male hormones. When high androgen levels cause hirsutism, other signs might develop over time, including acne, hair loss, deepening voice, decreased breast size and enlargement of the clitoris. Hirsutism can be a cosmetic concern and may indicate an underlying medical condition. Causes: 1.     Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) -       PCOS is a common cause of hirsutism. It leads to an imbalance in androgens, causing excessive hair growth. 2.     Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) -       This is a genetic disorder affecting the adrenal glands, leading to an overproduction of androgens and hirsutism. 3.     Cushing’s syndrome -       An endocrine disorder characterized by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can lead to hirsutism. 4.     Tumours -       Androgen-secreting tumour in the ovaries or adrenal glands tumour can produce excess androgens, leading to hirsutism. 5.     Medications -       Certain medications, such as steroids and certain hormonal treatments, can cause hirsutism as a side effect. To address this condition, aesthetic medicine can contribute through the use of laser for hair removal. Acne Although acne is primarily identified as a skin issue, in some cases, its development can be influenced or exacerbated by various medical conditions and factors. Here are a few examples of conditions that may contribute to or worsen acne: 1.     Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can lead to an imbalance in androgens, contributing to the development of acne. Hormonal fluctuations associated with PCOS may result in increased oil production and the formation of acne lesions, especially along the jawline and chin. 2.     Cushing’s syndrome Elevated cortisol levels can affect the skin’s oil production and contribute to the occurrence of acne. 3.     Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) Elevated androgen levels stimulate sebaceous glands, contributing to acne development. Treatments for hormonal acne can include topical and oral medications. Your discipline also plays a part to effectively manage acne. Resist the urge to touch or pick at your face, as these behaviours can exacerbate inflammation and contribute to the formation of acne scars. Additionally, it is advisable to steer clear of sugary foods and dairy products, as they can trigger and worsen acne. In conclusion, it is important to recognise that aesthetic signs can often be indicative of underlying health conditions, serving as visual cues that prompt further investigation. Paying attention to changes in the skin, hair, and overall appearance can be a valuable step in identifying potential health issues early on. While aesthetic treatments can address certain concerns, understanding the broader context of these signs is equally important.

Having oily skin can sometimes feel like a daily battle. Just imaging spending a fun-filled day with your besties, and while they are still looking fabulous, your face decides to go all shiny, and your hair? Well, let’s just say it is embracing the greasy look. And, to make things even more amusing, your oily skin tends to make an unexpected appearance in flash photos. Understanding oily skin You have probably asked yourself why your skin seems to be oilier than others. Let’s start by getting the lowdown on oily skin. Our skin produces a natural oil called ‘sebum’ and, sebum is not exactly bad. In fact, it is the body’s way of keeping our skin healthy, nourished and nicely moisturized. The hitch comes when our sebaceous glands kick into overdrive, pumping out more sebum than necessary, leading to oily skin. Several factors contribute to this overproduction: 1. Genetic predisposition Your genetic makeup plays a significant role in shaping your skin type, and if your parents had oily skin, chances are you are inherited a similar predisposition. Genetics can influence the size and activity of your sebaceous glands, impacting your skin’s oiliness. 2. Hormonal influences Hormones wield substantial influence over your skin’s behavior. During life stages like puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations can stimulate sebum production. Androgens are a group of hormones, primarily testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), that play a significant role in the development and regulation of male sexual characteristics. However, they are also present in females, albeit in smaller quantities, and have various functions in both sexes. Androgens can influence sebum production in the skin, especially DHT, can bind to receptors on the sebaceous glands and stimulate them to produce more sebum. Androgens can also lead to the enlargement of sebaceous glands. Larger glands have more capacity to produce sebum, resulting in increased sebum release. Vast majority of androgen excess in women is caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common chronic condition that affects up to 10% of all women. Rarely, adrenal or ovarian tumours can also cause hyperandrogenism. 3. Environmental factors Climate has a significant impact on your skin’s oiliness. Hot and humid weather, common in tropical regions, can stimulate your sebaceous glands, leading to increased oil production. Conversely, dry environments can cause your skin to overcompensate by producing even more oil to counteract the dryness. 4. Skincare product choices Using products that are too harsh or not suitable for your skin type can disrupt its natural equilibrium. Harsh cleansers or products containing alcohol can strip away too much oil, prompting your skin to react by producing even more sebum to compensate. 5. Dietary influences Your diet can have a significant impact on your skin’s oiliness. Food high in saturated fats and trans-fat, like fried items, can kick start inflammation in the skin, leading to increased oil production and potentially causing acne. Items like milk products, butter, cheese can also have an effect on your hormones, potentially acting as triggers for oily skin. Oily skin does not travel alone; it often brings along a couple of companions, such as acne, a lackluster complexion and enlarged pores. Let’s take a closer look at how oily skin can lead to these additional challenges. Acne Excess sebum can clog pores, creating a perfect breeding ground for acne-causing bacteria and then causing inflammation. This can result in acne and blemishes that can be frustrating to deal with. Dull skin Oily skin can also contribute to a dull and lackluster complexion. The excessive oil on the surface of your skin together with trapped dead skin cells can build up and lead to a dull and tired-looking complexion, far from the radiant glow we all desire. Enlarged pores While oily skin can manifest in a shiny complexion, it can also bring about this concern: enlarged pores. When your skin produces an excessive amount of sebum, this oil can mix with dead skin cells and other impurities. Over time, this mixture can accumulate in your pores, causing them to stretch and become more visible, giving the appearance of larger pores. Other conditions associated with oily skin: Sebaceous hyperplasia Sebaceous hyperplasia is a harmless skin condition characterised by the enlargement of sebaceous glands. It occurs when hair follicles become blocked. Blockage can arise due to an excess of sebaceous glands or because these glands are producing an excessive amount of sebum compared to what your skin requires. This then leads to the appearance of small, flesh-coloured or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. It can potentially affect any part of your skin, most frequently observed on the face. While oily skin can play a role, there are also genetic factors involve in the development of sebaceous hyperplasia, making some individuals more predisposed to this condition. The appearance of sebaceous hyperplasia can be reminiscent of non-inflamed acne, leading to potential confusion with comedonal acne. However, if you look closely, you can notice a central depression or indentation within the bump. You might also see tiny blood vessels inside the bump. These features serve as indicators that you are likely dealing with sebaceous hyperplasia instead of acne. Seborrheic dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, noncontagious skin condition that manifests as itchy red patches and oily scales on the skin, often accompanied by white or yellowish crusts or powdery flakes on the s calp. When occurs on scalp, it is commonly known as ‘dandruff’. Individuals with inherently oily skin have an increased susceptibility to developing this form of dermatitis. Additionally, if you have family history of psoriasis, the risk is higher. Seborrheic dermatitis can also appear on other parts of the body with high sebaceous gland activity. These areas include the chest, upper back, face especially forehead, the creases around the base of the nose, behind the ears, belly button, eyebrows, under the breasts, and in the folds or bends of the arms, legs and groin. It is a lifelong condition that may come and go with treatment and can experience periodic flare-ups. Milia (also known as oil seed) Oily skin itself is not a direct cause of milia, but there can be an indirect relationship between oily skin and the development of milia. Milia are typically caused by the trapping of dead skin cells and keratin (a protein found in skin, hair and nails) beneath the surface of the skin. While oily skin does not directly cause this trapping, it can contribute to the conditions that make it more likely to occur. So, how can we address oily skin? The key is to strike a balance between having too much oil and maintaining your skin’s natural moisture. What you can do for yourself... 1. Gentle cleansing is key Steer clear of harsh, alcohol-based cleansers. These can strip away your skin’s natural oils and lead to more oil production. Stick to a simple rule: cleanse your face twice a day, unless you find it excessively oily during the day, in which case you can clean up to 3 times a day. 2. Opt for skin care products that suits oily skin For oily skin type, the texture of your moisturiser is important. A thick, creamy moisturiser can act as an occlusive, trapping oil on the skin’s surface. Occlusive products are those with formula that forms a seal over the surface of your skin to prevent water loss. This is beneficial for those with dry skin who struggle to retain moisture, but they can be overly heavy for individuals with oily skin types. Also, when it comes to choosing skincare, opt for products that sports the labels “oil free” and “non-comedogenic”. These labels indicate that the products, whether they be cleansers, moisturisers, or makeup, will not clog your pores or spur acne. In addition, go for water based makeup for a skin-friendly choice that won’t exacerbate oiliness. 3. Maintain a regular exfoliation routine Exfoliation is key for oily skin but using gentle chemical exfoliants is preferred. Physical exfoliants can damage the moisture barrier and lead to dryness that cause skin to produce more oil. Consider exfoliating 2 to 3 times a week with gentle exfoliant that contains either salicylic acid or alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic acid. This routine can effectively clear impurities, sebum and clogged pores, minimize blackheads, and reduce the occurrence of breakouts. 4. Opt for blotting papers on the go For a quick fix during the day, reach for blotting papers. Simply press the paper gently against your face and let it sit for a few seconds to soak up the excess oil. Avoid rubbing the paper on your skin, as this can inadvertently spread the oil to different areas of your face. 5. Avoid unnecessary face contact Resist the urge to touch your face during the day. While it might be tempting, this action can transfer dirt, oils, and bacteria from your hands to your face. 6. Cut down on food that increase sebum production As mentioned previously. Treatments for oily skin Microdermabrasion Microdermabrasion is a skin treatment that effectively eliminates dead skin cells, excess oil and surface impurities. Through the removal of excess oil, microdermabrasion aids in balancing sebum production, thereby minimizing the oily sheen. Furthermore, by eliminating dead skin cells, this treatment unveils a brighter, more radiant complexion. Chemical peel Chemical peel is also a way to treat oily skin with clogged pores. It involves the application of chemical agent on your skin that results in exfoliation of skin followed by regrowth of new skin leading to skin rejuvenation. Rejuran Rejuran comprises polynucleotide (PN), which are segmented DNA extracted from salmon. It has the ability to balance oil and moisture, making it a favorable choice for addressing oily skin while providing essential hydration to your skin. Microbotox Minute quantities of botulinum toxin can effectively diminish sebum production in the skin while preserving the ability to engage in natural facial expressions. Furthermore, botox offers the added advantage of reducing perspiration, leading to a decrease in the amount of sweat and oil that can lead to makeup smudging and skin breakouts. Oral isotretinoin This is commonly known as Accutane. It works by suppressing the function of sebaceous glands and altering the process of keratinization when taken at therapeutic doses. This medication has been found to decrease both the size of sebaceous glands and the production of sebum. It is among the most effective inhibitors of sebum production, but some people cannot endure or are unwilling to accept the side effects such as dry lips, dry eyes, peeling skin due to excessive dryness, thinning hair and sun sensitivity. Some are also contraindicated for its use. However, dosage of isotretinoin can be adjusted to minimize undesired side effects. Antiandrogenic medications Antiandrogenic medications are drugs that are designed to reduce the effects of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in the body. These medications are used in various medical conditions where excessive androgen activity is a problem, and in this case, excessive sebum production. One example of antiandrogenic medication include spironolactone, a diuretic medication that also has antiandrogenic properties. It is also used in women with hormonal acne. Certain oral contraceptives (birth control pills) contain hormones that have antiandrogenic effects, helping to regulate sebum production. Note that the use of these oral medications should be carefully supervised by a healthcare provider, as they can have potential side effects and interactions with other medications. The choice of medication and treatment plan will depend on the specific condition being treated and individual patient factors. Therefore, consultation with qualified healthcare professionals is essential. Treatments for oily skin- related conditions Sebaceous hyperplasia can be managed with oral isotretinoin, but recurrence is possible once the medication is discontinued. A fast and effective way to remove sebaceous hyperplasia is by ablative laser treatment. Ablative laser treatment can also provide immediate results for milia removal. Alternatively, a needle can be used to puncture the milia and squeeze out its contents. This should be performed by a professional in a clinical setting, and not at home to mitigate the risk of infection that arises when not conducted correctly. Seborrheic dermatitis, caused by the fungus known as Malassezia Furfur, is typically treated with antifungal medication.

A woman’s sense of confidence is frequently intertwined with her perception of her own body, and for a considerable number of individuals, the dimensions and contours of their breasts bear notable importance. To some, the impact of breast size and shape on self-assurance can be profound, influencing not only how one views themselves physically, but also emotionally and psychologically. Unlike most body parts that reach a fixed size and cease growing, breasts are known to undergo significant changes in size and shape throughout a woman’s life. Milk-duct system begins to develop when you are still in your mother’s womb. As puberty sets in, the surge of estrogen in the body brings about further transformations. This hormone stimulates the accumulation of fat in the connective tissue, leading to increased breast size, as well as growth in the areola and nipple area. These changes make alterations in breast shape and size more noticeable. Breast development and fluctuations continue to occur naturally throughout a woman’s lifespan, representing a perfectly normal process. So, what determines your breasts size and shape? 1. Genetics Genes play a role in determining the overall structure and composition of breast tissue. This contributes to variations in breast size, volume and shape among individuals. 2. Change in weight Breasts are complex part of your anatomy, consisting of supportive or connective tissue, milk glands and ducts and fatty tissue. The composition of these tissues varies from person to person, resulting in unique breast characteristics. Some individuals have more fatty tissue than supportive tissues, while some have more supportive tissues. If your breasts consist more fatty tissue, you may notice changes in their size when you experience weight fluctuations. However, minor weight gain or loss is unlikely to cause significant changes in breast size. Typically, a noticeable difference in breast size would require a significant weight gain or loss. 3. Menstrual cycle Throughout your menstrual cycle, you may notice distinct changes in your breast size, texture and shape. This is because of the hormonal changes during menstrual cycle. During the first half of cycle, the body produces estrogen, a hormone that promotes ovulation and stimulates milk ducts within the breasts. As you approach the second half of cycle, progesterone comes into play. This hormone stimulates the development of milk glands, which can lead to swelling and mild tenderness. You may notice that your breasts appear larger during this time. When your menstrual cycle is complete, your breasts will generally return to their normal size. 4. Pregnancy During pregnancy, breasts undergo significant hormonal changes as well. Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the growth of milk ducts and mammary glands, causing the breasts to increase in size. After childbirth, hormone levels fluctuate and eventually return to pre-pregnancy levels. This hormonal shift can result in a reduction in breast size. If breastfeeding is established, the breasts continue to produce milk, but once breastfeeding ends, the mammary glands begin to shrink, leading to decrease in breast volume. The extend of this decrease can vary among individuals. In certain cases, the stretching and expansion of breast tissue during pregnancy can affect the ligaments and skin elasticity. Ligaments and skin may not fully contract when breasts return to pre- pregnancy size, and in turns results in a loss of firmness and a perceived decrease in breast size. Ladies explore various avenues for enhancing their bustlines, such as wearing push-up bras, engaging in breast massages, adopting an upright posture with shoulders drawn back to naturally uplift and accentuate the appearance of their breasts, and even experimenting with breast-countouring makeup techniques. Embracing the beauty of your authentic physique undoubtedly holds its own significance, however, it is equally valid for you to opt for refinements that amplify your outward presentation. There is absolutely no shame in seeking ways to enhance your appearance as a mean of rekindling that internal spark of self-assuredness. You have a variety of options available to enhance your breast, including breast fillers, fat transfer and breast implants. 1. Breast filler Breast fillers are injectable gels that are used to temporarily increase breast size and improve their appearance. This is a non-surgical and temporary option for enhancing breast size, and results are not as long-lasting as implants or fat transfer. It typically lasts about 5 years and maintenance injections may be required to sustain the desired outcome. 2. Fat transfer to breasts Fat transfer, also known as autologous fat grafting, is a procedure that involves harvesting fat from one area of body through liposuction and injecting it into the breasts. This technique can provide a modest increase in breast volume, provide small degree of lifting and improve the overall shape. It is a less invasive option compared to breast implants, but the results may be more subtle and may require multiple sessions. 3. Breast implants Breast augmentation with implants is a surgical procedure that involves inserting silicone implants to enhance breast size and refine their contour. Diverse implant brands are available, each with different characteristics in terms of shapes and texture. You can choose your preferred size and shape. For example, round implants that provide you fullness throughout the breast, teardrop or anatomical implants that are shaped like a teardrop, mimicking the natural slope of the breast. They provide a more anatomically contoured and natural appearance. Implants are also offered in an array of sizes, tailored to your body proportions and desired results. While breast implant definitely gives more volume and improved shape of breasts, it does carry some risks and potential complications. These can include infection, implant rupture or leakage, capsular contracture (scar tissue formation around the implant), and aesthetic concerns such as asymmetry. How to determine the appropriate modality for you? This decision depends on several factors: Your expectation The outcomes of fat transfer and breast fillers differ from those of implants, particularly in terms of shaping and lifting effects. Additionally, they may not attain the same level of size enhancement achievable through implants in a single session. Thus, if your goal is a single comprehensive procedure with the potential to significantly and dramatically transform your breasts appearance, then breast implant is the preferable choice. If you prefer fat transfer, there must be enough fat to transfer If you are considering a fat transfer procedure, it is essential to have an adequate amount of fat available for transfer. It is important to be aware that not all of the transferred fat may survive the process. The stabilisation period for fat after a fat transfer procedure can vary, but generally, it takes several months for the transferred fat to fully settle and establish its new blood supply. During this time, some of the initially transferred fat cells might not survive, and the body may reabsorb them. This process can take anywhere from a few months to around six months. If there is not enough fat to transfer initially and, in addition to that, some of the transferred fat does not survive, it could lead to potential disappointment with the final outcome. The survival rate of fat in fat transfer procedure can be influenced by several factors. Here are some key factors that can impact the success and longevity of fat survival: 1. Quality and viability of fat cells The quality and viability of the harvested fat cells are vital for their survival. Factors such as your age and health can impact the overall health and vitality of the fat cells. Generally, younger patients tend to have higher-quality fat cells with better survival rates. 2. Weight loss While fat becomes permanent after the resorption period, it remains subject to the effects of aging and fluctuations in weight, behaving like natural fat. In simpler terms, weight loss will lead to a reduction in breast size, and over time, the breasts may also experience sagging and reduced volume due to aging. 3. Postoperative care Adequate blood flow and oxygen supply to the transferred fat cells during the healing phase can enhance their survival rate. Therefore, following fat transfer procedure, adherence to post-operative care instructions is crucial. This may include avoidance of pressure or trauma to the treated area by avoiding tight- fitting bras and refraining from sleeping on your side for a duration of 2 months. It is also important to maintain a healthy diet, prioritise restful sleep, and temporarily halt practices like intermittent fasting or low carbohydrate diets if you are on any. Furthermore, you should avoid high-impact physical workouts for a period of 6 months and lastly, quitting smoking is advised, as it reduces blood supply to the transplanted fat graft and compromises its viability. 4. Harvesting, processing methods and injection technique also affect fat survival. Even with optimal techniques and conditions, some degree of fat resorption can occur over time. Result longevity Breast filler can last for 5 years, while most silicone implants are FDA approved for 10 to 20 years, but this does not mean that you have to get them replaced every 10 to 20 years. You can safely go beyond these time frames, and most people only have 1 to 2 replacements in their lifetime. In the case of fat transfer, the results are permanent as long as the transplanted fat survived the resorption period. However, the size of the treated area might fluctuate according to changes in your body weight. Health considerations Your overall health, medical history and any existing conditions can also influence the suitability of certain procedures. These factors will be evaluated during consultations to ensure your safety. Downtime If you are seeking a non-surgical enhancement with minimal downtime, breast fillers could be a suitable choice. They are especially beneficial for those who desire a modest augmentation and want to avoid surgical procedures. In summary: “I don’t want foreign object to be placed in my boobs”-> Opt for fat transfer as it utilizes your own fat, aligning with your desire to avoid foreign substances within your breasts. “I want everyone to notice my boobs” -> Breast implant, because it is able to provide enhancement that stands out, drawing attention to your breasts. “I want my boobs to look natural” -> Breast filler, fat transfer or anatomical breast implant. “I’m thin” or “I’m trying to lose weight” -> Breast filler or breast implant, as they can provide volume without the need for extensive body fat. Also, if you are actively working towards weight loss through dietary control and exercise, the likelihood of fat survival may decrease. Shedding pounds could also lead to a reduction in the size of transferred fat. Remember, each option has its own limitations and potential risks. Having realistic expectations about the outcomes is important. About The Woman Who Lost Her Life After Breast Filler Procedure… Tragically, a distressing incident has come to light involving a 29-year-old woman from Malaysia. She lost her life following a breast filler procedure performed by an unlicensed beautician at home setting. The suspicion is that she contracted a bacterial infection post-injection, compounded by an excessive dose of anaesthesia. After feeling unwell the day after the procedure, she was admitted to the hospital and eventually passed away while in the intensive care unit. The highlighted keywords are the points I aim to discuss. The intention here is not to assign blame, but rather to raise awareness. Unlicensed Beautician Opting for qualified doctors over unlicensed beauticians is advised for several reasons. Doctors undergo years of rigorous medical education and training. While some beauticians may possess aesthetic skills and sense of beauty, doctors are uniquely equipped to manage anaesthesia and handle immediate complications, and worst-case scenarios like cardiac or anaesthetic-related emergencies. Proper aftercare will also be provided by qualified professionals to ensure optimal results from treatment. Procedure done at home, Infection Any procedure involving skin penetration carries inherent infection risks. However, these risks can be lowered through meticulous execution in a controlled, sterile environment. A controlled environment refers to an operating room that undergoes thorough disinfection and sanitisation. Employing a sterile technique involves the operator donning sterile attire like caps, gowns, gloves, while utilizing equipment sterilized via autoclaving. The recent news revealed that the procedure occurred in a home setting, raising my doubt about achieving the necessary level of sterility. While homes can be clean, they will not ensure the same level of sterility as operation theaters, which enforce strict protocols including specialized attire and controlled access points. Moreover, home setting will lack the essential medical equipment required to address emergencies. *For reference, autoclave is a machine that uses steam under pressure to kill harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores on items that are placed inside a pressure vessel. In conclusion, consultation should be done with qualified practitioner to discuss your goals, evaluate your eligibility for any of these breast augmentation modalities, and receive personalized recommendations based on your unique circumstances. Doctors will guide you through the decision-making process, discuss potential risks and benefits, and help you make an informed choice. Undergoing treatment from the right individual, using the appropriate method, within the proper environment, will minimize the likelihood of complications. I presume that a possible factor driving people to choose beauticians over licensed doctors for treatments is the attraction of reduced expenses. After all, if you can get result for a lower price, why wouldn’t you? However, when considering the choice between saving money and saving your own life, which would you prioritise?

Taking care of our skin is essential for maintaining a healthy and achieving radiant complexion. Unfortunately, even with the best intensions, many people unknowingly commit common skincare mistakes that can hinder their progress. In this blog, we will explore some of these mistakes and provide helpful tips to help you avoid them. By rectifying these errors, you can unlock the true potential of your skincare routine and attain skin that is not only healthier, but also more beautiful skin. 1. Sleeping with makeup on One of the most harmful skincare mistakes people make is going to bed without properly removing their makeup. When makeup is left on overnight, it can clog the pores, leading to breakouts, congestion and a lackluster complexion. Properly cleansing your face before bedtime should be a non-negotiable part of your skincare routine. By removing all traces of makeup, you allow your skin to “breathe” and repair itself while you sleep. 2. Over cleansing This is a common mistake, particularly among individuals with oily skin. Contrary to what might be expected, excessive cleansing can actually trigger your skin to produce more oil. This occurs because the natural oils are constantly being washed away, causing skin to compensate by overproducing sebum. Surprisingly, water can also affect your skin’s pH balance and cause irritation. Your skin’s pH is supposed to be slightly acidic, which average is below 5. Water, on the other hand, is alkaline, meaning that splashing your face with water multiple times per day could be ruining your skin. Imbalanced skin pH can disrupt the protective barrier, leading to dry patches, redness and aged skin and triggers inflammatory skin diseases like rosacea, acne and eczema. Cleansing your face twice a day is generally sufficient. 3. Over exfoliation Exfoliating is an excellent way to slough off dead skin cells and reveal a fresh complexion as dead skin cells is the main culprit in causing dull-looking skin. There are two types of exfoliation, chemical exfoliation and mechanical exfoliation. Chemical exfoliation involves the use of acids like AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid) and BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid) to dissolve and remove dead skin cells. Mechanical exfoliation involves tools such as brushes or sponges, or scrubs to physically remove dead skin cells. However, over exfoliating can damage the skin’s natural barrier and cause increased sensitivity. To prevent this, especially if you have sensitive skin, it is important to steer clear of harsh scrubs or excessive exfoliation frequency. Instead, opt for gentle exfoliants and limit it to 2 to 3 times per week. What is skin barrier? Your skin serves a vital role in protecting against infections, irritants, and molecules that can trigger skin allergies. The outermost layer of your skin, known as the stratum corneum acts as the first line of defense. However, various factors can disrupt the skin’s barrier function, including conditions like atopic dermatitis (eczema), acne, rosacea, as well as self- inflicted cause like over-exfoliation. Indications of a compromised skin barrier include dryness and flakiness, accompanied by itchiness, pain, and a rough texture. Such damage can also lead to breakouts and inflamed red skin. Genetic defects partially contribute to conditions like rosacea and eczema, and further harm to the skin barrier can trigger exacerbations of these conditions. How to repair broken skin barrier? First of all, stop ALL your skincare products, including sunscreen for a few days and all your actives like retinol, retinoids, AHA, BHA, Vitamin C as well as harsh cleansers or scrubs. Generally, skin barrier function can be restored in 2 to 5 days, although it may take longer for individuals with conditions like rosacea or dermatitis. There are several beneficial ingredients for improving barrier function. This includes hyaluronic acid, ceramides, squalene, niacinamide, tocopherol and linoleic acid. Once barrier function is reestablished, it is recommended to introduce niacinamide as the first skincare active. 4. Skipping sunscreen or not enough sunscreen: Neglecting to apply sunscreen daily is a grave mistake. Sun damage is a leading cause of many problems like premature aging, dark spots, and even skin cancer. It is important to protect your skin by consistently wearing sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30, regardless of whether it is a sunny or cloudy days. Consider it a non-negotiable part of your skincare routine. If you are too lazy for skincare, at least put on your sunscreen. It is particularly important to apply sunscreen if your skincare routine includes ingredients like retinol, AHA, BHA and Benzoyl Peroxide in your skincare routine, as these ingredients can increase sensitivity to sun. Ensuring adequate sunscreen application is just as important as using sunscreen itself. Ideally, a quantity of 3 to 5ml is recommended for optimal coverage, and don’t forget to reapply every 2 to 4 hours. If you use less than the recommended amount, you are reducing the effectiveness of SPF by half. So, are you applying enough? 5. Using the wrong products for your skin type: One common mistake I often notice among my clients is choosing skincare products without considering the ingredients and their respective effects. Some individuals incorporate multiple active ingredients into a single routine and ended up with broken skin barrier, while some with oily skin use too much moisturising products or heavy formulations, leading to clogged pores and acne. Using skincare products that are not suitable for your skin type can be counterproductive. For instance, applying heavy, oil-based products on oily skin can congest the pores and lead to breakouts. It is important to determine your skin type (dry, oily, combination, sensitive) and select products specifically formulated to address your needs. If your concern is hyperpigmentation, opt for products that target pigments instead. There are various skin lightening agents available, including vitamin C, niacinamide, arbutin, kojic acid, licorice extract, cysteamine, tranexamic acid, retinol, retinoids, azelaic acid, glycolic acid and more. 6. Overloading your skin with products: If you are interested in skincare, you have probably come across the popular Korean 10-steps skincare routine: Step 1: Makeup removal & oil cleansing Step 2: Water based cleansing Step 3: Exfoliator Step 4: Toner Step 5: Essence Step 6: Serum Step 7: Sheet masks Step 8: Eye cream Step 9: Moisturiser Step 10: Sunscreen or night cream While it is important to have a consistent skincare routine, you should avoid overloading your skin with too many products at once. Applying excessive number of products simultaneously can possibly overload your skin, result in irritation and potentially worsen the condition of your skin. If your skin can tolerate all these products and shows improvement, good for you! 7. Not allowing enough time: Another common skincare mistake is being inconsistent with your skincare routine and giving up too quickly. Many people make the mistake of discontinuing product usage when they don’t see immediate improvement. It is natural to desire instant results, but skincare requires time and patience, as the effectiveness of different ingredients varies. It is recommended to allow at least 4 to 8 weeks for a new product to show its effects, with optimal results often observed around the 3-month mark. Here are some examples of ingredients and the durations typically needed before visible results: - Retinol: 10-16 weeks - Vitamin C: 5-8 weeks - Glycolic acid: 4-6 weeks - Salicylic acid: 4-6 weeks - Azelaic acid: 3-4 weeks Ingredients that inhibit pigmentation like Vitamin C, arbutin, licorice extract work by suppressing pigment production. Results from these ingredients often become noticeable 6 to 8 weeks after starting topical application. Exfoliants like AHAs and BHAs work relatively faster as they increase cell turnover rate in the upper layers of the skin. Retinol and retinoids require more time as they influence DNA expression. Therefore, patience is the key when incorporating these ingredients into your skincare routine. Establish a routine and commit to it. 8. Layering skincare in incorrect order: You might be wondering “Why is getting the order correct so important?”. This is because the order of your application impacts the penetration and efficacy of skincare actives. Applying water-based products after oil based ones, for example, can hinder the penetration of the former and hence compromise their effectiveness. To achieve optimal results, it is important to follow the correct order of application. Begin with the thinnest consistency and move towards thicker and heavier products. For example, start with toners and serums, followed by lotions, creams and finally oils. This sequence allows for better absorption and utilization of the skincare products. 9. Using your skincare wrongly: Some clients express concerns about using retinol due to its potential for skin irritation. When first incorporating retinol into your skincare routine, your skin is getting used to the effects of retinol, and may develop a bit of irritant dermatitis. It typically manifests as redness and multiple small bumps in the skin that occurs around follicles. These can create rough, uneven skin texture, resembling the appearance of sandpaper. The affected areas may feel sore, dry and exhibit peeling. Sensitive sites such as around the mouth and eyes are more prone to this reaction. However, there are strategies to minimize the risk. Firstly, you can start with lower concentration, such as retinol 0.5% or retinyl palmitate. Begin by applying every other night and gradually increase the frequency as your skin tolerates, eventually reaching nightly use. Retinol should be applied at PM. After cleansing, allow a few minutes for your skin to fully dry. This is because when your skin is still damp, the retinol can be absorbed more deeply into your skin and might cause irritation. Then, moisturize 20 minutes after. As your skin becomes acclimated to retinol, you can consider progressing to higher concentration like retinol 1%, followed by retinaldehyde, tretinoin or adapalene. Be sure to put on broad-spectrum sunscreen the following morning since retinol can increase skin sensitivity to sunlight. This step will help protect your skin from potential sun damage. By following these guidelines, you can minimize the likelihood of irritation and introduce retinol into your skincare routine effectively. What to do when you have developed retinoid dermatitis? First thing to do is to withhold the retinoid and allow your skin to recover. During this period, it is advisable to switch to gentle cleansers and moisturiser to soothe your skin. You should also avoid using other active ingredients like AHAs and BHAs. It is very important to put on sunscreen regularly as inflamed skin can react unpredictably to sun exposure- often causing mottled hyperpigmentation. Experiencing retinoid dermatitis does not mean you should completely avoid using retinol or retinoid in the future. You can reintroduce them after your skin has healed, but make sure to follow the measures mentioned above to minimise the risk of skin irritation. 10. Picking and popping pimples: It can be tempting to squeeze or pick your acne, but this habit can result in scarring, infection and further inflammation. Resist the urge to pop pimples. Instead, focus on treating breakouts with appropriate skincare products, topical medications or seek professional procedural treatments if necessary. Allow your skin the time it needs to heal without popping it. It is also important to refrain from touching your face and to minimize any friction or pressure on your skin, as these actions can trigger a specific form of acne known as acne mechanica. This type of acne breakouts occurs when the skin experiences rubbing, squeezing, or stretching. Common culprits behind acne mechanica include sports equipment, clothing, prolonged sitting or lying down, and resting your face on your pillow or arms while sleeping. 11. Neglecting your neck area: Many individuals prioritise skincare routines for their facial skin but often overlook the equally important care required for the neck and décolletage areas. It is vital to remember that these regions are also subject to sun exposure, similar to the face. Over time, they can also experience ‘wear and tear’, loss of hydration and collagen, and hence the development of wrinkles, fine lines and sagginess. This is precisely why people often say, ‘Your neck reveals your age’. In reality, the skin on your neck is naturally thinner, making it more susceptible to premature aging. Additionally, our modern affection for smartphones and tablets has introduced the ‘tech neck’- formation of horizontal lines on the neck due to repetitive posture of tilting the head downward while using these devices. So, you should extend your skincare regimen to include your neck and décolletage. By giving these areas the attention they deserve, you can ensure a more balanced a youthful appearance. In the quest for healthier, radiant skin, avoiding these common skincare mistakes is a pivotal step. Remember, skincare is not just about following the latest trends or purchasing expensive products; it is about understanding your skin’s unique needs and being consistent with your routine.

Isn’t it amazing how technology is continuously evolving, all with a singular focus: stimulating collagen. This progress is all aimed at helping us achieve and maintain youthful skin, emphasizing just how crucial collagen is. Why is collagen so important? What is collagen? Collagen is a fundamental structural protein present in various tissues throughout our bodies. It has a presence in our skin, hair, nails, tendons, cartilage, and bones. Together with other essential substances like hyaluronic acid and elastin, collagen plays a pivotal role in preserving the elasticity, volume and hydration of the skin. Furthermore, it contributes to the formation of key proteins such as keratin, which are vital for the constitution of skin, hair and nails. In our skin, most of the collagen is located within the dermis, which is the second layer of skin situated beneath the epidermis. The dermis is not only the primary location of collagen, but also where it is naturally produced. Specialised skin cells known as fibroblasts within the dermis are responsible for the synthesis of collagen. Our bodies have a natural mechanism to produce collagen by utilizing amino acids derived from protein-rich or collagen-rich foods such as bone broth, meat, and fish. However, factors like the aging process, exposure to the sun, smoking and alcohol consumption can all impede the body’s collagen production. We lose between 1 to 1.5% of collagen every year after the age of 20. Hence, in your late 30s to early 40s, you have 75% of your peak collagen levels. This explains why fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin become more apparent as we grow older. Throughout time, people have been exploring various methods to enhance collagen production as a means to maintain youthfulness. Two widely available and frequently considered options are collagen skin care products and oral collagen supplement. However, the question remains: do they deliver on their promises? Collagen skin care? There is no scientific evidence to suggest that applying collagen topically can promote the synthesis or development of collagen within the skin. This is primarily due to the fact that collagen molecules are complex. They are too large to effectively penetrate the outermost layer of your skin, the epidermis. They are even less capable of reaching the dermis, where true skin rejuvenation occurs. While collagen creams may provide a pleasant moisturizing effect and leave your skin feeling soft temporarily, their benefits are limited to the skin’s surface and are not long-lasting. To address the challenge of collagen molecule size, many modern skin care products that promote collagen as a key ingredient typically feature hydrolysed collagen or collagen peptides. Hydrolysed collagen undergoes a process where it is broken down into smaller chains of amino acids known as peptides. Do oral collagen supplements work? The effectiveness of oral collagen supplements is a topic of ongoing research and debate. The idea behind collagen supplements is to provide your body with the building blocks it needs to produce collagen. These supplements typically come in the form of pills, capsules, powders or even drinks. Some studies suggest that oral collagen supplements may have benefits for skin health. They have been associated with increased skin hydration, improved elasticity and a reduction in the appearance of wrinkles in some individuals. However, the results can vary from person to person, and not all studies have shown significant improvements. In other words, there is not enough evidence to suggest that taking collagen supplements will make a difference. Keep in mind that collagen is a large molecule, and our bodies cannot absorb collagen in its whole form. When you consume it orally, it needs to be broken down into peptides so it can be absorbed through your gut and enter the bloodstream. These peptides may be broken down further into the foundational components required for creating proteins like keratin, which help form skin, hair and nails. Alternatively, these peptides may form collagen, which can be deposited in various bodily structures, including cartilage, bone, muscle, or tendons. To date, scientific research has not definitely demonstrated that orally consumed collagen will end up in your skin. Also, there are multiple factors that can influence the effectiveness of collagen supplements including the type of collagen used, the dosage, and the individual’s age and overall health. If your aim is to enhance skin texture, boost elasticity, and reduce wrinkles, your most effective strategies involve prioritizing sun protection and incorporating topical retinoids or retinol into your skin care routine as substantial research has consistently shown the effectiveness of these approaches. Another tip to support collagen production in your body is by eating a balanced diet rich in vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis. Nevertheless, lifestyle and dietary choices may not offer the sustained support required to preserve optimal collagen levels. Besides, the natural aging process can impact fat distribution and bone structure, leading to noticeable changes in your facial aesthetics. This might include a reduction in volume in areas like the cheeks, temples, and forehead, along with the emergence of more pronounced wrinkles and fine lines. Or perhaps, if you have always been concerned about certain facial features and wish to refine or enhance them, why not consider addressing these areas by both enhancing volume and stimulating collagen production at the same time? Biostimulators In the world of non-surgical cosmetic enhancements, we are truly spoiled for choice with a diverse range of injectable treatments. When people discuss dermal fillers, there is often a misconception that all dermal fillers are identical. In fact, these fillers, come in a variety of types, each with its own unique composition. You have probably heard quite a bit about hyaluronic acid fillers, and for good reason. They are a go-to choice for many, and there is significant advantage to them- safe and reversible by hyaluronidase, which is an enzyme that is able to break down hyaluronic acid when needed. Now, let’s get to the exciting part. Beyond hyaluronic acid fillers, there is a whole other category of dermal fillers that don’t just stop at “filling”. They bring a little something extra to the table- rejuvenation. In this blog, we are going to shine a spotlight on Radiesse and Ellansé. Radiesse as Collagen Stimulator While the majority of dermal fillers are composed of hyaluronic acid, Radiesse utilizes a unique ingredient called calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) microspheres that are suspended in a gel-like solution. The microspheres are similar in composition to minerals found naturally in human bones, rendering it safe for use in cosmetic procedures. What sets Radiesse apart from other ordinary dermal filler is its dual action, combining instant gratification with extended and progressive benefits. It is FDA-approved for its immediate results plus long-term improvement. The process begins with the immediate plumping effect of the filler, providing instant volume to the treated area. CaHA particles integrate into your skin and create a "scaffold" that provides mechanical stimuli, triggering fibroblast to produce collagen and elastin. Over the course of time, the CaHA microspheres gradually break down, while collagen and elastin production continues to increase, replacing the correction provided by the gel carrier. As a result, natural and sustained rejuvenation is achieved with lesser fine lines and renewed skin structure. Radiesse offers flexibility in its application. It can be administered in both undiluted and diluted forms, each serving a distinct purpose. Undiluted Radiesse excels in plumping and smoothing the skin. On the other hand, when employed in a diluted form, its primary role shifts to skin rejuvenation. This means that if you prefer to avoid the pronounced ‘filling’ effect, Radiesse for skin rejuvenation remains a highly viable and sought- after treatment choice. Is it less likely to migrate, cause foreign body reactions, or make your skin inflamed compared to other dermal fillers. Plus, Radiesse is less painful because it has a small amount of lidocaine in it. Here are some of the uses of Radiesse: Smoothing moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds Radiesse is effective in addressing facial wrinkles and deeper folds, including nasolabial folds, the prominent creases that extend from the corner of your nose to the corner of your mouth. Enhancing cheek volume It is a favored choice for augmenting and rejuvenating cheek volume, reinstating youthful contours to the midface. Correcting volume loss in the back of hands Beyond facial applications, Radiesse is uniquely suited for restoring volume loss in the hands, effectively combating the telltale signs of aging on this often- neglected area. Forehead and temples The appearance of aging can be exacerbated by a sunken or hollowed look in the forehead and temples. Radiesse provides a solution by allowing for injections that effectively restore volume in these areas. Forehead fine lines can also be improved due to increased collagen production induced by Radiesse. Jawline contouring Radiesse offers a versatile solution for refining and sculpting the jawline, aiding in achieving a more defined facial profile. Combatting acne scars Atrophic acne scars develop when there is significant destruction of collagen in the dermis caused by inflammation. Radiesse, with its capacity to stimulate collagen production, proves to be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Neck and décolletage Similarly to the back of hands, Radiesse can be injected to these easily neglected area for rejuvenation. Once administered, it is not dissolvable and provides lasting results, typically spanning a duration of 12 to 18 months, making it a compelling choice for those seeking enduring and natural-looking enhancements. These are the before and after photos of some of our clients: The images displayed above depict the condition of the hand before and after undergoing Radiesse treatment. In the initial photo, you can observe wrinkled skin and noticeable loss of volume, which emphasizes the visibility of veins and tendons. However, in the subsequent photo, taken following a single Radiesse treatment, you can appreciate a significant enhancement in both volume and skin quality of the hand. The after photo undeniably presents a rejuvenated appearance, resembling that of a younger hand. This is the comparison of nasolabial folds before and after Radiesse treatment. It shows noticeable reduction in the prominence of folds. The lady above experienced a loss of volume in her cheek area, accompanied by sagging of superficial fat pad and skin laxity, which contributed to the prominence of her nasolabial fold, marionette lines, and jowling. A combined treatment approach involving Ultherapy and Radiesse synergistically produced a rejuvenating effect, resulting in a more lifted facial appearance with reduced prominence of folds and lines. Ellansé as Collagen stimulator Ellansé is another brand of filler that combines a unique ingredient- polycaprolactone (PCL), a bioresorbable polymer known for its ability to stimulate collagen, with a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based carrier gel. Ellansé delivers immediate results, offering a visible lift and volume to the treated areas while activating body’s collagen production mechanisms. As time progresses, the polycaprolactone microspheres in Ellansé gradually degrade. Yet, what lingers is a rejuvenated and collagen-rich foundation within the skin’s structure. This natural replenishment of collagen is the reason behind Ellansé’s long- lasting results. In terms of longevity, Ellansé S provides result that persists for up to one year, while Ellansé M takes it a step further, offering result up to two years. Now, you might wonder, how does Ellansé differ from Radiesse? Unlike Radiesse, we lack the option to dilute Ellansé to mitigate its plumping effect. In essence, Ellansé behaves much like other dermal fillers, delivering that sought-after plumping action, but with collagen stimulation. To conclude, both Radiesse and Ellansé are dermal filler and biostimulator that offer natural-looking, long-lasting results. If you are looking to rejuvenate your appearance without surgery and enjoy the benefits of increased collagen production, Radiesse and Ellansé could be the solution you have been seeking. However, eventhough Radiesse and Ellansé are versatile treatments, they may not be suitable for every area of the face. We value your individual needs and during your consultation with us, we will carefully assess your facial features to create a tailored plan that best suits you. Many individuals mistakenly believe that biostimulators are solely for older individuals. In fact, even at a young age, you can invest in preserving your collagen because collagen depletion begins as early as the age of 20. Age is just a number, and beauty is timeless. With technology at our disposal, why not embrace and relish its benefits?

Throughout history, the quest for anti-aging solutions has been a journey spanning generations. People have explored various avenues, from skincare products and supplements to medications and energy-based devices, all in pursuit of maintaining a youthful appearance. Beauty trends, like seasons, evolve and transform. At one point, influenced by social media, the focus was on “augmentation” procedures, such as enhancing lips, cheeks, nose, breasts, and buttocks. However, the current trend has shifted towards embracing a more natural look. There has also been a major paradigm shift from traditional surgical resection of sagging skin to minimally invasive therapies. This change has led to a growing preference for skin rejuvenation treatments over those that alter one’s entire appearance. As a result, more individuals are seeking ways to revitalize their skin and enhance their innate beauty rather than seeking drastic transformations. Now, innovative technologies continue to emerge, offering new hope for achieving youthful and radiant skin. One such groundbreaking advancement is the use of exosomes for skin rejuvenation. But before we go into details, let’s clarify some terms. What are stem cells? Stem cells are unique cells in the body that have the remarkable ability to differentiate into various specialized cell types, such as skin cells, bone marrow cells, nerve cells, red blood cells and muscle cells. They play important role in the natural process of tissue repair and regeneration, giving our bodies the innate ability to heal themselves. What are exosomes? Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles, which is the medical term for tiny bubbles that are released from stem cells. They serve as potent messengers in communication between cells. Laden with growth factors, protein, lipids, and genetic material, exosomes play a role in orchestrating various cellular processes, including tissue repair and regeneration. In the context of skin rejuvenation, they are harnessed for their ability to promote collagen and elastin production, reduce inflammation and enhance skin healing. When introduced to the skin, exosomes signal the fibroblasts, and encourage the production of collagen and elastin. Therefore, exosomes are great in diminishing fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin texture. Additionally, they have anti-inflammatory properties, which help to soothe irritated skin, address redness caused by environmental stressors and even improve acnes. Stem cells have become a focus in regenerative medicine for their unique ability to develop into different cell types, their strong influence on the immune system and their ease of manipulation in the lab. However, recent studies have shown that their beneficial effects on healing and tissue repair are not mainly due to their ability to change into other cell types, but rather because of the substances they release. One of these substances is exosomes. Research has found that exosomes alone are responsible for many of the positive effects seen when mesenchymal stem cells are used in experiments. Because of this, scientists are now looking into using exosomes by themselves as a new way to treat various diseases, including those affecting the heart, kidneys, liver, immune system, brain, and even for helping wounds heal on the skin. In aesthetic use, there are some indications where exosomes have proven beneficial: - Rough skin texture - Enlarged pores - Dehydrated skin - Oily skin - Red and sensitive skin - Hyperpigmentation - Scars - Fine lines and wrinkles - Acne - Hair loss Furthermore, due to their skin repair properties, exosomes are often combined with other procedures like laser to help reduce downtime, minimize inflammation, enhance wound healing and minimize scarring post procedure. Ablative lasers also serve as the mode of delivery of exosomes into the skin. PDRN (polydeoxyribonucleotide) As we know, DNA serves as a vital component for skin regeneration and wound healing. Certain products incorporate PDRN, a low molecular weight DNA complex, for the purpose of skin rejuvenation. Clinical studies have demonstrated the properties of PDRN, including anti-inflammatory effects, ability to inhibit pigment formation, stimulate collagen synthesis, and promote angiogenesis (the growth of blood vessels). By enhancing blood vessels formation, PDRN improves blood flow, ultimately accelerating the skin’s healing process. Out of the numerous products currently available, the one I want to highlight here is DuoExoti. DuoExoti DuoExoti is a skin booster formulated with 50 billion exosome particles (containing more than 150 key growth factors, cytokines and proteins) and 1.5% pure salmon DNA (PDRN and PN). The utilization of salmon DNA is driven by its similarity of over 95% to human DNA, rendering it a safe and beneficial ingredient for enhancing the skin’s health and appearance. DuoExoti offers many benefits, including promoting tissue repair, reducing skin inflammation, diminishing hyperpigmentation, boosting collagen synthesis, replenishing skin moisture, and improving skin texture. With this, you can experience a rejuvenated and revitalized complexion, benefiting from the power of exosomes and salmon DNA. It is delivered to the skin either via injection, microneedling, or topical application after ablative laser procedures. Microneedling increases the absorption of the product by creating multiple tiny holes in the skin. Similarly, ablative laser also creates channels that reach the dermal layer of the skin, allowing product to directly reach the dermis when applied to the skin. The dermal layer is specifically targeted in skin treatments because it houses the essential dermal fibroblast, which are key components responsible for collagen production and the regulation of skin physiology. PN or PDRN and exosomes have the remarkable ability to promote growth and activity of these fibroblasts. It becomes evident that administering product directly into this layer yields the maximum benefits for skin rejuvenation and overall skin health. You might be wondering, “What sets exosomes therapy apart from platelet-rich plasma (PRP)?” Platelet rich plasma (PRP) Platelet rich plasma is a volume of plasma that has platelet concentration above baseline. To obtain platelet rich plasma, it involves drawing a small amount of your own blood, which is then centrifuged to separate the plasma enriched with platelets from other components. This PRP is abundant in growth factors, cytokine, and other bioactive proteins that repair and regenerate tissues. PRP has been used widely in medical field as a method of healing injuries or ulcers, and in cosmetic treatment for face and hair. Both PRP therapy and exosome offer effective rejuvenation, harnessing the power of natural tissue-building substances. However, these two approaches differ in essential ways. Exosomes VS PRP PRP relies on the growth factors present in your own blood, while exosomes are sourced from stem cell cultures. Exosomes deliver way more growth factors than PRP does. Exosomes treatment also typically yields visible improvements after just one or two applications, whereas PRP injections may require three to six treatments before achieving noticeable results. Additionally, PRP’s effectiveness may vary among individuals, with age influencing the final outcome. Exosome treatment, on the other hand, consistently delivers excellent results across all age groups. Lastly, PRP is not suitable for individuals with low platelet, platelet dysfunction, liver disease, blood or bone cancer, beta thalassemia major, those on anticoagulant therapy, or those having acute or chronic infection. On the other hand, when it comes to exosome therapy, there are no specific contraindications. This means that there are no absolute restrictions or conditions that would prevent individuals from undergoing exosome therapy. Both treatments offer skin rejuvenation benefits, but exosomes may have additional advantages due to their targeted and potent cell-signaling properties. “Is exosomes skin booster the same as other skin boosters?” While all skin boosters share the goal of biorevitalising the skin, there are notable distinction in their concepts, ingredients, and mechanism of action. The benefits of each can be understood based on the ingredients used. Exosomes, PN and PDRN skin boosters primarily aim at anti-aging benefits. On the other hand, skin boosters containing hyaluronic acid (HA) are focused on delivering deep hydration to the skin, enhancing its moisture levels. Hyaluronic acid is renowned for its exceptional hydrating properties. As a naturally occurring substance in the skin, it has a remarkable ability to attract and retain moisture. Due to its unique molecular structure, hyaluronic acid can hold up to 1000 times its weight in water, making it a powerful humectant. When injected into the skin, it helps to replenish and maintain optimal hydration levels, resulting in plumper, smoother and more radiant skin. Stem cells VS exosomes therapy Stem cells therapy involves directing stem cells to transform into specific cells within the body. Stem cells can be sourced from various places, such as embryos, umbilical cords, and in adult bone marrow and fat. During stem cells treatment for skin, donor stem cells are introduced into the skin through different methods, including topical application, injections, or combining them with other skin rejuvenation procedures like microneedling or laser therapy. Similarly to exosomes, it promotes cell proliferation, collagen production and the formation of new blood vessels, addresses signs aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles and skin laxity as it helps replenish and renew the skin’s structure and function. However, unlike stem cell therapy, exosomes therapy does not involve using donor cells in your body. Instead, exosomes are extracted from donated human mesenchymal stem cells and sterilised. As stem cell and exosome treatments have gained popularity, an increasing number of beauty salons now offer these services. I have observed a growing trend on social media and among my clients where the Hyaluron Pen is being utilized as a method of delivering these treatments to the skin. So, what exactly is the Hyaluron Pen? This device has become well-known in the beauty industry and even as a DIY device to administer hyaluronic acid fillers into the skin without the need for traditional needles. It offers a non-invasive alternative to traditional injectable procedures and is commonly employed for lip augmentations and reducing wrinkles within beauty salons. Now, it appears they have also started using Hyaluron Pen for the delivery of various products into the skin. How does it work? The Hyaluron Pen does not contain any needles. It operates on a principle of pressure technology. It uses a spring-loaded mechanism to create a high-pressure jet that pushes small amounts of hyaluronic acid filler or stem cells solution through the skin via a microscopic opening. The pressure is generated by the pen itself, eliminating the need for needles. It sounds tempting. However, we DO NOT recommend this method of delivery due to multiple reasons: Limited depth of penetration The Hyaluron Pen is designed for superficial injections and may not be suitable for deeper injections or for certain areas of the face that require more precise placement, such as the nasolabial folds or under-eye area. Poor precision and control One of the main reasons we prefer injections is the level of precision and control they offer. With a needle, we can make precise changes and target specific areas with accuracy. This is particularly important when it comes to delicate areas such as the lips or areas with fine lines and wrinkles. The Hyaluron Pen, on the other hand, may not provide the same level of precision, as the filler is dispersed underneath the skin. Also, since the insertion of drug is delivered through pressurized air, it is very hard to control how much drug is delivered. People tend to misuse the product and deliver hyaluronic acid into the wrong area given the lack of knowledge and control. Risks and safety considerations The device’s intense pressure can cause more severe problems like blocked blood vessels, leading to skin necrosis. In certain cases, when air pressure is not enough to surpass the superficial layer of the skin, filler may be delivered to the wrong area causing puffiness or uneven appearance. Swelling, bruising and lumpiness are also common complications. I have encountered clients who previously underwent stem cell therapy done with Hyaluron Pen at beauty salons before seeking treatment at our clinic. The results from those treatments were unsatisfactory, as evident by discoloured lumps and bumps visible at the treatment areas. For this reason, it is important to seek certified professionals for treatment. Uses of exosomes other than skin concerns: Hair loss Apart from skin rejuvenation, exosomes therapy also emerges as a promising and transformative solution for hair loss. Hair loss affects numerous individuals and can have a profound impact on self-confidence and overall well-being. Other treatment options include oral supplements, topical medications, PRP procedures and hair transplant. While PRP has been a proven treatment for hair loss, exosomes therapy takes it to the next level, delivering more growth factors than PRP. Introduction of exosomes into the scalp triggers the regeneration of hair follicles. These powerful messengers communicate with existing cells, encouraging them to proliferate and revive dormant hair follicles. Additionally, the growth factors present in exosomes also stimulate more blood flow to the scalp, providing nourishment and oxygen to the hair follicles, which aid in promoting hair growth and improving hair quality. From male and female pattern baldness to alopecia areata, exosomes therapy offers a versatile approach to address different types of hair loss. With its ability to stimulate natural hair growth and improve hair density, exosome therapy can help individuals regain their crowning glory and confidence. Regenerative medicine Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes hold great potential as a novel cell-free therapeutic approach for addressing a wide array of diseases, such as heart, kidney, liver, immune and neurological conditions, as well as aiding in cutaneous wound healing. Researchers have been extensively exploring exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells as a promising avenue for developing regenerative strategies to combat various diseases. These exosomes carry many of the therapeutic properties found in mesenchymal stem cells, making them valuable tools for innovative treatments. What’s particularly exciting is this cell-free therapy mitigates safety concerns associated with administering viable cells directly.

Do you want to look younger and more refreshed, but not at the cost of losing your natural facial expressions? If so, you are not alone. Many people are interested in aesthetic treatments that can smooth out wrinkles and fine lines, but are afraid of looking unnatural or frozen. Fortunately, there is a way to achieve a natural look with Botox and fillers, if you follow these tips: Choose a qualified and experienced aesthetic doctor This is the most important step to ensure that you get the best results possible. A good aesthetic doctor will have the skills and knowledge to inject Botox and fillers in the right areas, in the right amounts, and with the right technique. They will also be able to assess your facial anatomy, your skin condition, and your aesthetic goals, and tailor a treatment plan that suits your needs and preferences. You can find a qualified and experienced aesthetic doctor at [RJ Clinic], where we offer a range of aesthetic treatments for both men and women. Communicate your expectations clearly Before you undergo any treatment, make sure that you discuss your expectations and concerns with your aesthetic doctor. Tell them what you want to achieve, what you want to avoid, and what you are comfortable with. Be honest and realistic about your desired outcome, and listen to their professional advice and recommendations. Your aesthetic doctor will be able to explain the benefits and risks of each treatment option, and help you make an informed decision that meets your expectations. Start small and go slow One of the keys to achieving a natural look with Botox and fillers is to start with a small amount of product, and gradually increase it over time, if needed. This way, you can avoid overdoing it, and allow your skin and muscles to adjust to the changes. You can also monitor the results as they develop, and tweak them as you go along. Remember, less is more when it comes to Botox and fillers. You can always add more later, but it is harder to reverse the effects if you inject too much at once. Follow the aftercare instructions After your treatment, it is important that you follow the aftercare instructions given by your aesthetic doctor. This will help you prevent any complications, such as bruising, swelling, infection, or migration of the product. Some of the common aftercare instructions include: Avoid touching or rubbing the treated areas for at least 24 hours Avoid strenuous exercise, alcohol, or hot environments for at least 48 hours Avoid facial massages or treatments for at least two weeks Apply ice packs or cold compresses to reduce any swelling or discomfort Use sunscreen and moisturizer to protect your skin from sun damage and dehydration Maintain a regular treatment schedule Botox and fillers are not permanent solutions for aging signs. They will wear off over time, depending on the type of product used, the amount injected, and your individual metabolism. To maintain a natural look with Botox and fillers, you need to have regular touch-ups every few months, depending on your aesthetic doctor’s advice. This will help you keep your results consistent and subtle, without letting them fade away completely or become too obvious. By following these tips, you can achieve a natural look with Botox and fillers that enhances your beauty without compromising your personality. If you are interested in learning more about Botox and fillers, or booking a consultation with one of our expert aesthetic doctors at [RJ Clinic], please contact us today. We would love to help you look younger without looking frozen.

In a society where first impressions hold immense significance and self-assurance reigns supreme, our appearance often plays a vital role in shaping our identity. Yet, for countless individuals grappling with hair loss, the mirror can become a source of distress and a reminder of lost confidence. Psychological studies have revealed that women, in particular, face greater social expectations to have a full head of hair at all ages, making hair loss a deeply impactful experience for them. As an aesthetic practitioner, I have witnessed the impact that hair loss can have on someone’s well-being, both physically and emotionally. Whether you are experiencing hair loss yourself, supporting a loved one through their journey, or simply seeking to expand your knowledge in the field of aesthetic medicine, this blog aims to be your guide. We will explore the various causes of hair loss, shed light on effective treatment options, and provide practical advice for regaining healthy and vibrant hair. Understanding the causes of hair loss is paramount to finding effective solutions. The factors contributing to hair loss can be broadly classifies into two categories: non- scarring alopecias (medical term for bald) and scarring alopecias. While scarring alopecias involve irreversible damage to the hair follicles, non-scarring alopecias encompass a diverse range of conditions that present opportunities for treatment and restoration. Non- scarring alopecias include conditions such as: Androgenetic alopecia (pattern hair loss) This is the most common form of hair loss, often referred to as male or female pattern baldness. It is a genetically predetermined disorder characterized by an excessive response to androgens, the male sex hormones. This condition affects up to 50 percent of males and females and it is marked by progressive loss of terminal hair on the scalp that can occur any time following puberty. In males, the early stages of male pattern baldness are typically noticed in their 30s, but it can commence as early as the late teenage years or early 20s. Men typically experience receding hairlines and bald patches. Conversely, women affected by androgenetic alopecia often experience a more diffuse pattern of hair loss, with thinning of hair across the scalp. It is estimated that androgenetic alopecia affects up to 50% of women by the age of 40 years. Telogen effluvium “Stress can cause hair loss.” Indeed, this statement is true, and the underlying mechanism is a condition known as telogen effluvium. Telogen effluvium represents a temporary type of hair loss characterized by excessive shedding of hair. It occurs when the hair follicles prematurely enter the resting (telogen) phase of the hair growth cycle due to physical or emotional stressors. Common triggers for telogen effluvium include childbirth, illness, surgical procedures, significant weight loss, or experiencing high level of stress. The good news is that in the majority of cases, once the underlying cause is addressed, hair regrowth resumes. In other words, telogen effluvium is a reversible condition, and with proper management and resolution of the underlying stressors, individuals can expect their hair to grow back. Alopecia Areata Alopecia areata happens when the immune system attacks hair follicles and causes hair loss in round or oval patches. The exact cause of alopecia areata is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Scientists have linked a number of genes to the disease, and many of the genes they found are important for the functioning of immune system. People with certain autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, thyroid disease, vitiligo, are more likely to get alopecia areata, so as are those with allergic conditions like hay fever. Emotional or physical stress, as well as certain illnesses, may trigger its onset in people who are at risk, but in most cases, there is no obvious trigger. Alopecia areata can begin at any age, but most people develop it during childhood or their teenage years. They have hair loss and sometimes nail changes, but they remain in good health. The hair loss tends to be unpredictable. Hair may regrow without treatment. When the hair regrows, it may fall out again, or it may not. It is also possible to have unpredictable cycles of hair loss and regrowth for years. In cases where nails are affected, you may see dents, ridges or brittle nails, some even develop red nails. Androgen excess Hair loss caused by excess androgens and androgenetic alopecia are closely related, but they are not exactly the same. In androgenetic alopecia, the levels of androgen in the body are typically within the normal range. However, individuals affected exhibit an excessive response to androgens, causing hair loss. On the other hand, hair loss caused by excess androgens refers to a broader category of hair loss conditions in which an imbalance or increase in androgen hormones disrupt the natural hair growth cycle, leading to hair loss. There are conditions, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and certain hormonal disorders, that can contribute to hair loss due to increased androgen levels. Other accompanying signs of excess androgen may be present, which include acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth in unwanted areas), menstrual irregularities, galactorrhoea (abnormal milk secretion), and development of husky voice. Does oily scalp cause hair loss? Having oily scalp is a common issue that many people encounter at some stage of their lives. Individuals with pattern baldness, however, are at a higher risk for developing an oily scalp. Although an oily scalp itself does not directly result in hair loss, it can contribute to the blockage of hair follicles and the buildup of sebum, potentially leading to an increased risk of hair fall. It may just be a symptom of a bigger issue that can certainly cause hair loss. The direct reason for oily scalp is excess production of sebum by the sebaceous glands in the scalp. However, there are various factors that can contribute to this occurrence such as hormonal imbalance, diet rich in oily and greasy food, seborrheic dermatitis and improper hygiene. Scarring alopecia: Scarring alopecia, known as cicatricial alopecia, encompasses a group of hair loss disorders that affect a small percentage, approximately 3%, of individuals experiencing hair loss. Within the category of scarring alopecia, each specific diagnosis is relatively uncommon. Examples include but not limited to dissecting cellulitis, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, lichen planopilaris and follicular degeneration syndrome. It can also be associated with broader conditions like chronic lupus erythematosus, where multiple organs throughout the body can be affected. Despite the diversity of forms within scarring alopecia, they share a common characteristic – an underlying process that leads to the permanent and irreversible destruction of hair follicles, subsequently replaced by scar tissue. This distinction sets scarring alopecia apart from non-scarring alopecias, as the scarring nature of these conditions poses challenges in terms of treatment. Scarring alopecia typically manifests initially as small areas of hair loss that progress gradually over many years. While in certain cases, individuals may experience more pronounced symptoms, such as intense itching, burning sensations, and discomfort, accompanied by rapid and progressive hair loss. Affected area may be smooth and clean, or may have blistering, crusting, pustules, redness or other discoloration. As the follicles are below the skin surface, there is usually no “scar” seen on the scalp. To determine the underlying causes of hair loss, medical history and physical examination are necessary. While visual indicators can provide valuable insights, relying solely on the pattern of hair loss and the appearance of the scalp skin can pose challenges in diagnosing scarring alopecia accurately. Therefore, often when scarring alopecia is suspected, one or more skin biopsies are required to confirm the diagnosis and help identify the particular form of scarring alopecia. Treatments When it comes to tackling hair loss and promoting the regrowth of hair, a variety of treatment options are at your disposal. Below are some of the most effective treatments to combat hair loss: Medications FDA approved medications can help slow down hair loss and promote regrowth. Minoxidil, available as a topical solution or foam, is commonly used for both men and women. It stimulates hair follicles, prolongs the growth phase, and improves blood circulation to the scalp. Finasteride, an oral medication for men, blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone responsible for shrinking hair follicles. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy PRP therapy is a regenerative treatment that utilizes the healing properties of a patient’s own blood. A small sample of blood is processed to obtain PRP, which is plasma containing higher concentrations of platelets than those found in peripheral blood. PRP is rich in growth factors and has the ability to accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration, leading to a wider range of applications in the medical f ield, such as in sport medicine, regenerative medicine, and aesthetic medicine. For hair loss, these platelets are injected into the scalp to stimulate hair growth, improve follicle health, and increase hair thickness. PRP treatment is a minimally invasive procedure and is often performed in a series of sessions for optimal results. Cytokine therapy What is cytokine? Cytokine is a cell factor (cell hormone) that controls cell cycle such as cell generation, cell growth, cell proliferation and death. Cytokines that destroy hair follicle cells and cause hair loss include BMP, DKK-1, TGF beta, whereas cytokines that maintain or promote hair growth by proliferating and differentiating hair follicle cells are KGF, FGF9, IGF-1, VEGF, Bfgf, Hoggin, SOD and ATP. When there is collapse of balance between factors that generate cells and death factors that kill cells in hair follicle, hair loss happens. Cytokine therapy helps by restoring the balance. As its name suggests, Cytokine-8 therapy contains the 8 types of cytokine growth factors mentioned. They reduce hair loss by suppressing hair loss inducer, promoting hair growth and normalizing hair growth cycle and promoting energy metabolism of cells. They are introduced to the scalp via microneedling metho d. Hair transplantation Hair transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves harvesting hair follicles from a donor area (typically the back of the scalp) and transplanting them to areas with thinning or no hair. However, few questions or criterias should be all answerable when deciding on whether one is a good candidate for hair transplantation, thus careful assessment is required prior to decision making. Hair transplantation is a surgical procedure designed to address hair loss by harvesting hair follicles from a donor area, typically located at the back of the scalp, and transplanting them to areas with thinning or no hair. Hair transplantation provides a long- lasting solution for hair loss and delivers natural looking results. The vast majority of people who are candidates for hair transplantation are of both sexes with androgenetic alopecia. However, several crucial questions and criteria must be carefully considered to determine whether someone is an appropriate candidate for this procedure. Thorough evaluation and assessment are essential prerequisite prior to decision making. Lifestyle and self- care tips In addition to medical treatments, incorporating healthy habits into your lifestyle can contribute to maintaining and promoting hair health. Healthy diet and nutrition Consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and proteins is essential for healthy hair. Include foods such as leafy greens, fruits, lean proteins, whole grains, and nuts to provide the necessary nutrients for hair growth. Additionally, consider incorporating supplements like biotin, zinc and vitamin B and D. Stress management Chronic stress can contribute to hair loss. Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as exercise, meditation, yoga or mindfulness practices can help promote overall well- being and hair health. Finding healthy ways to cope with stress is crucial in maintaining a healthy hair growth cycle. But of course, this is easier said than done. Hair care practices Adopt gentle hair care routines to minimize damage and breakage. Use a mild shampoo and conditioner suitable for your hair type. Avoid excessive heat styling, chemical treatments, and tight hairstyles that can strain the hair follicles. Consider using wide-toothed combs or brushes with soft bristles to avoid hair breakage. The management stated above may not be applicable for scarring alopecia, because unfortunately, there is currently no cure for scarring alopecia. The primary goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and slow down or prevent further hair loss. The specific treatment approach depends on the type of cicatricial alopecia present. In most cases, anti-inflammatory medications are commonly prescribed. It works by fighting the inflammatory cells causing hair follicle destruction. Antibiotics such as doxycycline or minocycline may be necessary in case of scarring alopecia caused by bacterial infections. Hair transplantation is only suitable for selected cases as the presence of scar tissue beneath the skin’s surface can impede the survival of transplanted hair. However, if there has been no ongoing hair loss for a significant period of time, hair restoration through transplantation may be considered. PRP therapy for scarring alopecia is less common, but some studies have shown positive results for certain types, such as lichen planopilaris. Hair regrowth is difficult once the hair follicles are destroyed. However, if the condition is identified at an early stage, medication may be able to prevent inflammation from causing complete destruction of the hair follicle. Hair loss can be a challenging experience, but no matter where you are on your hair restoration journey, there is always hope. With the right knowledge and treatment options, it is possible to restore healthy hair and regain confidence.

Is applying sunscreen a girly thing to do? In the modern era, the concept of appearance has become increasingly prioritized. Influences from social media and Korean culture have brought forth the importance of skincare and beauty, leading many to believe that the younger generation is solely focused on outward appearances. However, others view this as a positive trend, as individuals are now taking proactive steps to care for their skin. Particularly commendable are those who incorporate the use of sunscreen into their daily routine, as this helps to prevent the damaging effects of sun exposure on the skin. Unfortunately, some still hold onto the misguided notion that applying sunscreen is a “girly” thing to do, implying that it is only appropriate for women to prioritise skin care. This idea is not only false, but it can also be harmful, as it discourages men from taking proper care of their skin. In reality, everyone, regardless of gender, should make it a habit to apply sunscreen regularly in order to maintain healthy skin. In this blog, we will delve into the topic of the harmful effects of sun exposure on the skin and sunscreen. Whether you are a skincare enthusiast or someone who is just starting to learn about the importance of sun protection, I hope that this blog will be informative and helpful in promoting healthy skin practices. UV radiation from the sun can penetrates the skin and cau se damage by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS are highly reactive molecules that can interact with other molecules in the skin, causing oxidative damage. ROS are known to cause damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in skin cells, leading to tons of skin problems like premature aging, sunburn, and skin cancer. In addition, UV radiation results in melanin synthesis, leading to increased skin pigmentation within one day after exposure. Our skin is constantly exposed to a range of harmful rays, including UVA and UVB rays, which pose a significant threat to our skin’s health and well-being. UVA rays can penetrate through glass windows and clouds, even when you are indoor or when it is raining outside. While UVA rays are notorious for causing signs of premature aging, UVB rays are known to cause sunburns. Both have the ability to damage the DNA of skin cells directly, causing mutation that leads to most skin cancers. Unfortunately, UVA and UVB rays are not the only forms of light radiation that pose a threat to our skin. The increasing use of smartphones and tablets has resulted in a surge of blue light exposure, which is mainly emitted by the sun, but is also produced by artificial sources such as fluorescent light, LED TVs, smartphones, computer monitors, and tablet screens. Blue light can penetrate deeper into the skin, potentially exacerbating skin damage and aging. However, unlike UV radiation, blue light is not directly linked to skin cancer development. Therefore, it is essential to take proactive measures to protect our skin from the harmful effects of light radiation, including limiting our exposure and using sunscreen. There are three types of sunscreen, which are physical sunscreen, chemical sunscreen and hybrid sunscreen. Physical sunscreen works by reflecting and scattering UVA and UVB. Main ingredients of physical sunscreen include zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. On the other hand, chemical sunscreen works by absorbing photons from light energy, converting to heat and dissipates from the skin. Ingredients that are responsible for UVA absorption include benzophenones and ecamsule, whereas cinnamates and PABA esters absorb UVB. Substances that most frequently cause allergic contact dermatitis are Acrylate (used to adhere sunscreen to skin), Oxybenzone, Dibenzoylmethanes, Cinnamates and Benzophenones. Hybrid sunscreen is sunscreen that combines both chemical and physical sunscreen, and gives you the greatest protection. Traditional chemical sunscreens do not often protect against blue light. Physical sunscreens and hybrid sunscreen, on the other hand, do provide protection against blue light. How to choose the right sunscreen? Physical sunscreen has the potential to clog pores and cause acne breakouts and miliaria for some people. This is because physical sunscreen works by sitting on top of the skin and forming a physical barrier to block UV rays, and some formulations can be thick and greasy, which may contribute to clogged pores. The comedogenic potential of physical sunscreen can vary depending on the specific formulation and ingredient used. Many modern physical sunscreens have been developed with advanced formulations that are less likely to clog pores and cause acne. If you are concerned about the comedogenic potential of physical sunscreen, it is a good idea to look for products that are labelled as “non-comedogenic” or “oil free”. But for people with sensitive skin, physical sunscreen may be a better choice due to their higher stability, less risk of penetrating the skin, thus less skin irritation and allergic contact dermatitis. Chemical sunscreen has non-greasy texture and more robust defense against UV rays, which makes them more ideal for oily and acne prone skin.Otherwise, hybrid sunscreen combines the above two advantages, has less risk of allergic reaction, more comfortable and refreshing texture and is suitable for all skin types. Sunscreen is a vital tool in the battle against the harmful effects of UV radiation from the sun. When selecting a sunscreen, you may notice the term SPF, which stands for sun protective factor. But what does this term actually mean? In essence, the SPF indicates how many fold the sunscreen can delay the onset of redness on the skin caused by UV radiation. For instance, if a person normally experiences redness after 10 minutes of sun exposure, applying a sunscreen with an SPF of 10 would extend that time frame to 100 minutes (10 minutes x 10 SPF). Besides, the higher the SPF you use, the better it is, because SPF 15 blocks 93% of UVB rays, SPF 30 blocks 97% of UVB rays and SPF 50 blocks 98% of UVB rays. However, it is important to note that this is only applicable if the standard amount of sunscreen, which is 2mg/cm2, is properly applied. To maintain proper protection from the sun’s harmful rays, it is recommended to reapply sunscreen every 2 to 4 hours as it can break down due to water, sweat and chemicals. Moreover, the intensity of UV radiation can speed up the breakdown of UV absorber and dilution of physical blockers. To apply sunscreen effectively, you can follow the teaspoon rule, which suggest using ½ teaspoon (2.5ml) for face, neck and arms and 1 teaspoon (5ml) for anterior, posterior torso and legs. We, RJ clinic has developed a sunblock named RJ SUNSHIELD + which effectively protects against UVA, UVB, blue light and infrared rays. Its non-greasy formula makes it ideal even for individuals with acne prone skin. In addition, this sunblock is enriched with sunflower extract, saccharide isomerate and Vitamin E, which provide up to 72 hours of hydration to the skin. This makes it a convenient two-in-one solution that acts as both a sunblock and a moisturizer, available in a single tube. Given the difficulty that some individuals may encounter in adhering to the recommended daily application of topical sunscreen, oral sunscreens have emerged. One of them is Heliocare, which is comprised of polypodium leucotomos, derived from a South American fern species belonging to the Polypodiaceae family. For many years, Polypodium leucotomos has been utilized for a myriad of dermatological conditions, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, polymorphic light eruption, and melasma. The fern extract’s antioxidant properties reduce the cutaneous reactions induced by UV radiation and protect against oxidative DNA mutations, precluding the photodecomposition of endogenous photoprotective molecules and DNA, and enhancing DNA repair, thereby averting and amending solar damage, including skin cancer. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that oral sunscreen is not a substitute but rather a complementary measure to be utilised concomitantly with topical sunscreen for optimal sun protection. There is also an oral supplement made to reverse pigmentation and UV damage-NanoMD. NanoMD is a nano-particle drug developed by a multi-disciplinary team of world-class researchers. Beside its depigmenting and sun protecting action, NanoMD was clinically proven to support the overall condition of blood vessels, so that they can remain supple and flexible. The three main components of NanoMD are: · Pycogenol- a pine bark extract with powerful antioxidant that provide protection to skin and maintain collagen level · Tomato Phytoconcentrate- neutralise harmful effects of UV light · L-Cysteine- stimulates collagen production and lightens pigments. Skin aging consists of two independent processes: the first is chronological aging and affects skin in the same pattern it affects all our organs. The second is the result of external factors such as chronic sun exposure, poor nutrition and pollution. Skin pigment melanin becomes altered, its amount and distribution within the skin changes and makes aging noticeable. In light of this, study showed that the consumption of NanoMD for a period of 90 days leads to a significant reduction in overall hyperpigmentation and melasma- an enduring dermatological concern characterised by dark, discoloured patches on the skin, which can have a considerable impact on one’s emotional well being. Other than that, NanoMD can also ameliorate the appearance of non-transient redness. Remarkably, this product exhibits tolerance with no reported incidence of adverse events or side effects. This additional photoprotection provided is used in addition to topical protection. However, the systemic protection is quite different from that achieved with a topically applied sunscreen. Systemic photoprotection builds only slowly over several weeks. One interesting question, does wearing sunscreen interfere with Vitamin D levels? As we know, sunlight exposure is one of the most important sources of Vitamin D for the body. When skin is exposed to sunlight, it synthesizes Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) from a precursor molecule. Vitamin D3 is then converted to an active form of vitamin D in the liver and kidneys. Adequate Vitamin D is crucial for bone health . We also know the importance of sun protection cannot be overstated when it comes to preventing skin cancer and photoaging caused by UV radiation. However, some may be concerned that wearing sunscreen could interfere with their Vitamin D levels and potentially lead to Vitamin D deficiency. It is true that if sunscreen is applied thick enough to effectively block sunlight, it can impede Vitamin D production in the skin. A thick layer is defined as roughly equivalent to about 1 ounce, or the size of one golf ball for the full body. However, in practical terms, most people apply less than this amount, which also means that the SPF they receive is lower than the labelled SPF. Hence, they may not have to worry about Vitamin D deficiency if they are not putting enough sunscreen on in the first place. Nonetheless, individuals who generously apply sunscreen, wear hats and protective clothing when exposed to sunlight to reduce risk of skin cancer are more likely to experience Vitamin D deficiency. It is worth noting that even with low levels of sunlight exposure, cumulative sun damage can occur over time, leading to DNA damage and an increased risk of skin cancer and photoaging. Squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma are the most common skin cancers in humans and are correlated with the degree of one’s sun exposure. On the other hand, melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is often the result of more intermittent, intense sun exposure. The solution to this dilemma is to balance the risks and benefits of sun protection and Vitamin D production. Sounds like the use of sunscreen to prevent skin cancers caused by harmful UV radiation is of paramount importance and should take precedence over the desire to obtain Vitamin D from the sun. Nevertheless, the concerns regarding potential Vitamin D insufficiency can be alleviated by exploring alternative sources of this essential nutrient, such as supplements and food like salmon, tuna, sardines, mackerel, beef, shiitake mushrooms, egg yolks and fortified cereals. It is best to obtain Vitamin D from food sources each day rather than relying solely on sun exposure. This approach is simple and at the same time prevents detrimental effect of sun exposure. Does skin colour affect absorption of UV ray? Yes. Skin colour plays a role in how the skin responds to the sun’s harmful UV rays. Individuals with lighter skin tones possess fewer melanocytes, the skin cells responsible for producing melanin (the pigment that gives skin its colour). As a result, UV rays can easily penetrate through the skin layers, increasing the likelihood of painful sunburns and long-term damage to the skin’s DNA. Contrarily, individuals with darker skin tones are endowed with a higher melanocyte count, providing the skin with greater protection from the sun’s harmful radiation. While these individuals may not experience sunburn as frequently, they are more likely to experience tanning due to the increased melanin production. This is also why people with fair skin are at higher risk of developing skin cancer. However, it is essential to recognise that individuals with darker skin can still develop skin cancer, although their risk may be comparatively lower. So, back to our initial topic- “is applying sunscreen a girly thing to do?” Absolutely no. Sunscreen application and skincare is not a gendered activity. Regardless of gender, you should protect your skin and be mindful of your skin health so that you can enjoy healthy, beautiful skin for years to come.

Who invented the original Ultherapy? Ulthera Inc. from the United States first sell the first Ultherapy© machine back in 2009. And since then, the system and its' technology has gone through a few enhancements to give better experience and result. The technology has been in the market for more than 10 years and it promises best result and best safety profile. To date, no serious complication has been reported due to Ultherapy treatment. It is also US - FDA approved to be safe and effective in skin lifting. What is the difference between Ultherapy© and other firming machine? No one knows what you have done! But everyone notices the changes. That is the difference. Ultherapy uses DEEPsee technology that allows physician to visualise the structure under the skin (up to 8mm) during the treatment, making Ultherapy a treatment that is accurate, effective and almost zero down time. Although nothing happens on the surface, a lot happens under the skin during and after an Ultherapy session. Ultherapy delivers thermal coagulation points under the skin at different depths (1.5mm, 3.0mm & 4.5mm). Each point can reach 75℃. At this temperature, protein denaturation happens and healing takes place slowly over 3 months, effectively increases the elasticity of the skin, therefore giving one the lifting result. All these happens under the skin without any sign of the treatment on the surface of the skin. To be able to achieve all these, Ultherapy uses micro-focal ultrasound to deliver the thermal coagulation points. Unlike other lifting machines that uses Radiofrequency, Ultherapy can deliver optimal temperature, deeper and much less down time, making it the best lifting treatment. Why Ultherapy© is being copied? Like all good things, there will be replicas. Similarly, in the market, there are many replicas of Ultherapy. Some coming from China, some from Korea etc. These replicas' technologies are not matured and not consistent in their power delivery. They sometimes cause blisters, scarring on the skin. Also, because replicas do not have the DEEPsee probe, physicians can not visualise the structure under the skin, and hence they can only treat blindly, making the treatment less effective and more painful. Most patients will choose the original Ultherapy for better result and better safety profile. Are these copied technology (replica) any better? The simple answer is NO. Hence, until now, only Ultherapy is US FDA approved for skin lifting. All other HIFU machine is not FDA approved for face lifting. Why choose RJ's Ultherapy? Like supercars need professional experience drivers, Ultherapy is a great machine that needs professional experience doctors to deliver superior results. That's why, at RJ CLINIC, all our Ultherapy patients stay with us, because they understand how important is it to have an experienced doctor to deliver the treatment effectively. Ultherapy result can vary widely between 2 different doctors. Hence, patients must understand, what they pay for are Ultherapy AND the doctors' skill. If you are keen to visit RJ CLINIC, kindly visit our website https://www.rjclinic.my/best-ultherapy-malaysia