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There is a confusion and misinformation among the general public regarding aesthetic injections, often incorrectly referred to as “botox”. This misnomer has led to the association of botox with images of unnatural, overly inflated faces. It is important to recognize that various injection-based treatments exist, each serving distinct purposes and delivering different outcomes. This widespread misconception can be attributed, in part, to a lack of understanding about the true nature of botox and its mechanism of action. So, let’s delve deeper into the topic and explore botox and its diverse range of applications. What is botox and how does it work? Botox, or botulinum toxin, is a neurotoxin that is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. When injected into a muscle, it blocks the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction. This prevents the muscle from contracting and causing wrinkles or other unwanted movements. Another common injection, filler, on the other hand, is injected to add volume and plumpiness, filling in hollow areas and smoothing out wrinkles. Uses: While it is often known for its ability to diminish wrinkles and fine lines on the face, botox offers a broader range of cosmetic and even medical uses beyond that. Treat dynamic lines Botox is most commonly used to treat dynamic wrinkles, which are caused by repetitive muscle movements, such as frowning, squinting or raising eyebrows. These wrinkles can create an older or fatigued appearance. By temporarily paralyzing and weakening the muscles involved for these movements, botox helps smoothen the skin and rejuvenate the face, resulting in a more youthful and revitalized look. Face slimming Botox can also be used to contour the face. An increasingly popular treatment is the use of botox injections to target the masseter muscles, aiding in slimming and refining the jawline, ultimately leading to a more feminine and aesthetically pleasing appearance. This treatment is particularly popular in Asian countries, where a V-shaped or heart- shaped face is considered more desirable than a square-shaped face. The masseter muscle, a prominent muscle running along the side of the face, serves a pivotal role in the processes of chewing and jaw clenching. However, in certain individuals, various factors such as teeth grinding or clenching, chronic stress, or even genetic predisposition can contribute to the enlargement of the masseter muscle. This enlargement can lead to a more square-shaped jawline, which is often perceived as a characteristic associated with a masculine aesthetic. To address this concern, botox injections are strategically administered to the masseter muscles, causing a temporary relaxation of the muscle fibers. By doing so, the injections effectively reduce the bulkiness and hypertrophy of the masseter muscles. The treatment helps to sculpt and contour the jawline, resulting in a softer and more feminine appearance. The cosmetic benefits of botox injection for the masseter muscles extend beyond slimming and contouring the jawline. The procedure can also contribute to a more balanced and proportionate facial profile, enhancing overall facial harmony. Moreover, botox injections for masseter muscle reduction are known for their non- surgical and non-invasive nature, making them a popular choice among individuals seeking subtle yet effective facial enhancements. Brow lift Another application of botox involves the enhancement of the brow area, commonly known as a brow lift. By injecting small quantities of botox into the muscles responsible for pulling down the eyebrows, it becomes possible to achieve a lifted appearance and create a more defined, arched shape. This technique proves particularly beneficial and effective for individuals with naturally droopy eyebrows, as it helps to rejuvenate and revitalize their overall facial expression. Treat gummy smile Furthermore, botox offers a solution for those troubled by a gummy smile, a condition characterized by the excessive display of gum tissue when smiling. This aesthetic concern arises from hyperactive muscles that elevate the upper lips, resulting in the exposure of a significant portion of the gums. Thankfully, botox provides an effective treatment option for this condition. By temporarily relaxing the muscles responsible for elevating the upper lips, botox reduces the excessive display of gum tissue, thereby improving the harmony and balance of the smile. Nose tip lift Botox can also enhance the appearance of the nose tip. It is possible to relax the muscle responsible for pulling the nasal tip downward with botox injection, and effectively creating a “lift” for the nose tip. This technique proves advantageous for individuals seeking subtle changes to the shape and projection of their nose, without resorting to invasive surgical procedures. Treat dimpled and receding chin Botox also offers a solution for those with a receding and dimpled chin caused by an overactive mentalis muscle. The mentalis muscle, when hyperactive, can result in a chin that appears dimpled and receded. Botox induces temporary relaxation, hence allowing for increased chin projection and reducing the appearance of dimpling. Nefertiti Lift The Nefertiti Lift is a cosmetic procedure names after Queen Nefertiti, an ancient Egyptian queen known for her elegant and defined jawline. The procedure involves the use of botox injections to rejuvenate and contour the neck and jawline, resulting in a more youthful and sculpted appearance. The Nefertiti Lift primarily targets the platysma muscle, which is located in the neck and plays a significant role in supporting the lower face and neck. When platysma muscles are strong, it can create a downward pull, obscuring the jawline and forming vertical neck bands. This can result in an aged and less defined appearance. Nefertiti lift aims to counteract the downward forces caused by the muscle, thereby providing a lifting effect, creating more defined jawline and improved appearance of the neck. “ Why is it that after multiple botox injections, I no longer see the same improvement that I saw with my initial injections?” There are many brands of botulinum toxin A or botox available, with Dysport, Botox, and Xeomin being the most widely recognised, and then there are newer brands like Daxxify or Jeauveau. The proteins present in botulinum toxin act as antigens, thereby provoking an immune response from the body, which results in the development of antibodies against the toxin. Consequently, with repeated treatments, the efficacy of botulinum toxin injections wanes, owing to the presence of these antibodies, which block the effect of the toxin. There is an exception for this case, which is Xeomin. Xeomin was FDA-approved in 2011 and is often advertised as the “cleanest product” of Botox injections because Xeomin does not contain complexing protein that causes antibody formation. Of course, there are also other factors that can affect the efficacy of botox injections, including changes in the dosage and injection technique. Why is botox not permanent? Botox effects only last 3 to 6 months because of neuronal plasticity, wherein fine nerve fibers emerge and reinnervate the muscle fibers, leading to recovery of muscle strength. On top of that, body can also form new connections between the nerve fibers and muscle fibers, known as motor end plates. Formation of new motor end plates can further aid in the restoration of normal muscle function. Top of Form Microbotox or mesobotox Microbotox is a specialized form of botox injection that involves the use of diluted botox solutions to target a larger area of the skin with multiple injections. This technique allows for a more widespread, subtle effect on the skin’s surface while maintaining natural facial expressions. The microbotox technique is used to reduce sweat, sebum (oil) and minimize pores due to the effect on sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands) and erector pili muscle. Medical uses of botox In addition to its cosmetic uses, botox has a variety of medical applications. It can be used to treat chronic migraines, blepharospasm (involuntary eyelid twitching), cervical dystonia (neck muscle spasms), hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), and spasticity (muscle stiffness and spasms) Botox or fillers? There are some common misconceptions about botox that need to be addressed. Firstly, it is important to understand that botox and fillers are two distinct treatments. While fillers work by filling in static lines and restoring lost volume, botox is used to relax muscles that cause wrinkles and dynamic lines. Botox works by temporarily paralyzing the muscles that cause wrinkles and fine lines, primarily in the upper part of the face, such as forehead and around the eyes. Results typically last for three to 6 months. Dermal fillers are a popular cosmetic treatment used to address wrinkles and lines that are present even when the face is at rest. These lines, also known as static lines, develop as a result of a combination of factors, including aging, sun damage, loss of collagen and elastin and repetitive facial expression over time. Unlike dynamic wrinkles that appear with facial movement and are treated with botox to relax the underlying muscles, static lines are formed due to the loss of volume and skin elasticity. This is where dermal fillers come into play to help filling in the static lines and reducing their prominence. While hyaluronic acid fillers can be dissolved by injecting hyaluronidase if there are any issues, there is no such solution available for botox. Therefore, if there are any undesirable outcomes from botox treatment, you have to wait for the effects to wear off naturally. Do facial exercise work? Facial exercise is a technique in which specific facial muscles are targeted and exercised in order to improve their tone and strengthen them. The aim is to make the face look firmer and more youthful, and to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Proponents of facial exercise argue that by stimulating blood flow and circulation to the face, these exercises can help nourish the skin and promote a healthy glow. Some also claim that facial exercise can help release tension and stress and improve overall relaxation. Facial exercise can involve a variety of movements and techniques, such as puckering the lips, raising the eyebrows, and performing certain facial expressions. Some people also use tools like facial massage rollers and gua sha stones to enhance the benefits of facial exercise. However, there is currently NO strong scientific evidence to support these claims. In fact, overly vigorous facial movements can actually exacerbate wrinkles and fine lines . One reason for this is that repeated facial movements can cause the muscles in the face to contract and pull on the skin, leading to formation of new wrinkles over time. Additionally, excessive stretching and tugging of the skin can damage its elasticity and contribute to the breakdown of collagen and elastin fibers, which are important for maintaining a smooth and youthful appearance. If you are looking to reduce wrinkles and fine lines at home, it is generally recommended to focus on lifestyle habits like using sunscreen, eating healthy diet and staying hydrated, as well as using skincare products with proven anti-aging ingredients like retinol or retinoids and antioxidants. Your anti-aging skincare Speaking of retinol and retinoids, they are well known and widely used as skincare for their antiaging benefits. However, there can be some confusion about the distinctions between them. Retinol is a specific type of retinoid. Retinoids are a class of compounds derived from Vitamin A, and retinol is one of the forms. In comparison to prescription-strength retinoids or retinoic acid such as tretinoin (Retin-A), adapalene (Differin), and tazarotene (Tazorac), retinol is considered milder and available for purchase over the counter. Retinol is available in various skincare products without the need for a prescription. Retinol is 20 times less potent than prescription-strength retinoids. It serves as a precursor to retinoic acid, which is responsible for the anti-aging effects when it undergoes conversion by the skin. Retinoic acid is the only form of ingredient that is bioavailable to the skin. To put it simply, retinoic acid does not require conversion by the skin to become effective- it starts working instantly. Retinol, on the other hand, takes more time to produce visible results. However, this does not mean that OTC retinol is ineffective. The notion that “stronger is better” is a common misconception. The slow conversion of retinol makes it more tolerable for individuals with sensitive skin, while prescription-strength retinoids have higher potential for side effects such as skin irritation, dryness, and increased sensitivity. Ultimately, both retinol and retinoic acid are effective; the difference lies in the time it takes for visible effects to appear, which varies based on individual tolerance. Along with retinol, retinyl palmitate and retinaldehyde are also considered to be less potent forms of retinoids. These substances offer several benefits for the skin, including: · Reduced wrinkles and fine lines: They stimulate collagen production, which helps improve skin elasticity and reduced the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. · Improved skin texture: Consistent use of retinol or retinoids can lead to smoother skin by promoting cell turnover and facilitating exfoliation. · Reduced acne: Retinoids possess anti-inflammatory properties and can effectively clear out clogged pores, making them beneficial for treating acne. As previously mentioned, retinol and retinoids can cause skin sensitivity, redness, dryness and flakiness, especially during the initial stages of use. To minimize these effects, it is advisable to begin with a low concentration and gradually increase it as your skin becomes more tolerant. You can also start by applying 2 to 3 times per week and then gradually increase the frequency to daily use, based on your skin’s tolerance. Additionally, it is important to incorporate daily sunscreen use when using retinol or retinoids since they can heighten the skin sensitivity to the sunlight. This precaution helps protect your skin from potential sun damage.

Beauty, as a concept, is deeply personal and shaped by a number of influences, including cultural, social and historical factors. Across diverse cultures and races, perceptions of beauty exhibit remarkable variation. When examining facial aesthetics, it becomes apparent that different races hold distinct ideals of beauty. In certain Asian cultures, delicate features such as petite noses are heralded as epitomes of beauty. Conversely, Western cultures often admire a smaller visage adorned with high cheekbones and a chiseled jawline. In some African societies, larger noses and fuller lips are cherished as symbols of allure, whereas certain Middle Eastern cultures praise the prominence of a well-defined nose. Let’s discuss about beauty standards and interesting trends, with a focus on Western and Korean cultures. We will also explore how to achieve the desired looks associated with these standards. Western High cheek bones In contemporary Western society, high cheekbones are often associated with models, celebrities, and individuals who are considered conventionally attractive. The media plays a significant role in promoting this beauty standard, as images of people with high cheekbones are frequently showcased in advertisements, fashion magazines, and entertainment industries. Dermal fillers can be an effective non- surgical option for enhancing the appearance of high cheekbones. Dermal fillers are injectable substances that are used to add volume, contour, and shape to different areas of the face, including the cheeks. When it comes to achieving high cheekbones, dermal fillers are injected into specific areas of the cheeks to create more definition and a lifted appearance. Defined jawline A strong jawline typically refers to a distinct, angular shape where the jawbone meets the neck. The definition of the jawline can be influenced by various factors, including natural bone resorption that occurs with aging, fat in the lower face, presence of double chin, excessive activity of platysma muscle, or inherent genetic factors that contribute to one’s facial structure. Treatment approaches may differ based on the underlying cause. For instance, if a less defined jawline is due to excess fat at the lower face or a double chin, mesolipolysis or liposuction may be recommended. In cases where bone resorption from aging is the issue, dermal fillers can provide the necessary support and definition. Alternatively, when excessive activity of the platysma muscle is the concern, injection of botulinum toxin A into the specific muscle can help resolve it. Other than that, ultherapy and thread lift are treatments that can effectively address sagginess, which is often responsible for a less defined jawline. By providing firming and lifting effects, jawline can be enhanced, resulting in a more well-defined appearance. Plumped lips In Western beauty tends, plumped lips have become increasingly popular in recent years. The focus is on achieving a visibly fuller pout, with an emphasis on enhancing lip volume, particularly in the central areas of the upper and lower lips. This can be achieved by injection of dermal fillers. Some people even opt for more invasive option, which is lip lift surgery that aims to enhance the appearance of the upper lip by shortening the distance between the upper lip and the base of the nose. It is often sought by individuals who have a longer space between the nose and the upper lip. The surgical technique involves removing a small section of skin and tissue located just above the upper lip, typically in the area between the base of nose and the vermillion border (the border between the coloured part of the lip and the surrounding skin). By shortening this distance, more of the pink lip tissue is exposed, resulting in a lifted and more defined upper lip contour. “Duck lips” is a term used to describe a particular lip appearance that has gained attention and sometimes criticism in popular culture. It refers to an exaggerated or overfilled look of the lips, often achieved through excessive lips filler injections. The result is a pout that protrudes outward, resembling the bill of a duck. The trend of duck lips emerged alongside the popularity of plumped lips in Western beauty standards. However, not all individuals who seek lip enhancements desire or aim for the duck lips look. The exaggerated aesthetic is typically associated with an overdone or disproportionate use of lip fillers. While some people may find the duck lips trend appealing, it has received criticism for deviating from a natural-looking lip appearance. Many beauty professionals and individuals opt for a more subtle and balanced approach to lip augmentation, aiming to enhance the lips while maintaining harmony with the overall facial features. Cat or fox eyes Another trend that has taken the beauty world by storm is the fox eyes trend. The fox eyes trend has quickly become a go-to look for many when influential figures like the Hadid and Kardashian sisters embraced the upturned eyes and arched brow aesthetic. But what exactly is the fox eye trend? Inspired by the captivating eyes of a fox, this trend is all about creating an elongated, almond-shaped eye appearance using numbers of approaches, for example, makeup, brow shaping, lash extension and curling, but some individuals may opt for more long-lasting solutions to achieve the look, which is by thread lift or surgical procedures. Thread lifts procedures involve the utilisation of dissolvable threads to lift the eyebrows and outer corners of the eyes, creating the desired effect. Surgical procedures, such as canthoplasty or lateral canthopexy, can also be performed to modify the shape and positioning of the outer corners of the eyes. Freckles In recent years, freckles have become a trend in the West. Freckles are small, pigmented spots on the skin usually found on sun exposed skin. They are very common, especially in lighter skinned with blond or red hair. Historically, freckles were sometimes seen as undesirable or even covered up, but there has been a shift in beauty standards, and many people now embrace freckles as a cute, unique and attractive feature. The freckles trend gained momentum partly due to the rise of social media and the influence of popular culture. Celebrities and influencers who have natural freckles, such as model Gigi Hadid, actress Emma Watson have helped to popularise freckles and make them more widely accepted. Because of this trend, there has been an increase in products and techniques designed to create the illusion of freckles for those who don’t naturally have them. For example, some makeup brands offer freckle pencils or markers that allow individuals to draw freckles on their skin, giving the appearance of sun-kissed look. Additionally, freckles have become a popular feature in beauty and fashion editorials, advertising campaigns, and runway shows. Many photographers and makeup artists accentuate freckles in their work, showcasing the natural beauty and diversity of individuals. A trend has also gained popularity on TikTok where users, particularly beauty influencers, are using temporary hair colour sprays across the nose and cheeks to get fake freckles, while some use henna to draw semi-permanent freckles on their faces. The boobs and the booty In Western countries, there is a prevailing preference for body figures with more pronounced curves. There are several celebrities who are admired for their curvaceous bodies and considered attractive. Some examples include Beyoncé, Jennifer Lopez, Mariah Carey, Kim Kardashian and Scarlett Johansson. While some individuals are naturally blessed with a voluptuous figure, others head straight to the gym, specifically targeting exercises like squats, in the pursuit of curves like an hourglass. The journey from flat to fabulous sometimes do require some makeover. Breast augmentation and butt lift are popular procedures. Breast augmentation can be done with breast fillers, fat transfer or implants, whereas for those seeking a fuller, rounder, more lifted buttock contour, surgical butt lifts, fillers, and the infamous Brazilian Butt Lift (BBL) are at your service. Korean On the other side of the globe, the Korean beauty industry has experienced a remarkable surge in popularity attributed to the rise in fame of K-dramas and K-pop. The Korean beauty standard emphasizes flawless, luminous skin, delicate facial features, and a youthful appearance. This ideal draws inspiration from traditional beauty practices, such as the pursuit of “glass skin” and the charm of aegyo sal, while embracing modern trends like K-pop and the global “K beauty” phenomenon. Clear skin Korean beauty standards focus on having clear, smooth and youthful-looking skin with a complexion that is light, bright, and free from blemishes, including freckles. So how do they achieve this seemingly flawless skin? First of all, Koreans knows how to pamper their skin like it’s royalty. They take their sunscreen and skincare routine seriously, but there are also times when skincare alone is not enough to reach the pinnacle of perfection. This is when aesthetic procedures come into picture. Lasers help to reduce hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone, skin boosters hydrate and brighten the skin, vitamin drip for whitening and biostimulators injection to stimulate collagen and elastin production. This might be one of the reasons why Koreans look perpetually youthful, defying their actual age. Oval or V-shaped face There is a particular emphasis on the shape of the face. An oval or V-shaped face is considered the ideal, as it exudes a youthful charm. Some individuals possess smooth and curvaceous facial structure, others may have a more square-shaped face due to enlarged masseter muscles. This can be a result of genetics, teeth grinding, or excessive chewing. Botox injection can address the size of masseter muscle by temporarily relaxing the muscle fibers, reducing the bulkiness and hypertrophy of masseter muscles. Unlike the Western beauty ideal that often cherishes high cheekbones and a defined jawline, the focus in Korea leans more towards achieving a harmonious and smooth facial contour. Dermal fillers are popular option to sculpt facial structure in a softer and more feminine appearance, including smoother cheeks and enhance a narrow and petite chin, perfectly complementing a desired V-shaped face. For those seeking a more dramatic transformation, V-line surgery (jaw and chin reduction) and cheekbone reduction (zygoma) surgeries are popular tools to change the facial contour. Also, a V-shaped face must have a forehead proportionate to the rest of the face, striking a delicate balance. So, dermal fillers are widely used to create a smooth forehead. Straight eyebrows While it may seem like a minor detail, eyebrows hold the key to framing and accentuating the features of the face. Koreans admire the beauty of simplicity- a pair of eyebrows that gracefully follow the natural curve of the brow bone without excessive arching or sharp angles. These straight or slightly arched eyebrows create a perception of youthfulness. Double eyelids Double eyelids are believed to make the eyes appear larger, more expressive and aesthetically pleasing. In Korea, where monolids are more common among the population, the desire for double eyelids has led people to double eyelid surgery. It has become a routine procedure for many individuals seeking to enhance their eye shape. Aegyo Sal Aegyo Sal is a beauty trend that originated in South Korea. It refers to the slight puffiness under the eyes that create a youthful and cute appearance. “Aegyo” means cuteness or charming in Korean, and “sal” means flesh or fat. The trend gained popularity in the early 2000s and has since become a prominent feature in Korean beauty standards. “ Aren’t those eyebags?” There are differences between Aegyo Sal and eyebags. The primary distinction lies in the placement and colour. Aegyo sal becomes noticeable right below your lower eye lids when you smile, while eyebags are present regardless of your facial expression. Eyebags can also be darker and typically appear lower, usually extending about two inches beneath the eyes. In order to achieve this look, hyaluronic acid filler can be injected, or individuals can also undergo fat transfer to the undereye area to add volume. Lips While the desire for plumper lips is prominent, the trend also emphasizes natural-looking results. Many individuals aim for a balance between enhanced volume and maintaining the overall harmony of their facial features. In other words, Koreans prefer lips that are plump and inviting, yet still maintain a sense of authenticity. Body contour When it comes to body contour, Korean beauty standards differ from those in the West. In Korea, curvaceous figures like that of Kim Kardashian are often considered excessive. Instead, the beauty ideal for Korean women is to be thin and slender, emphasizing a slim and lean physique rather than a muscular or athletic one. The focus is more on appearing thin rather than having a curvy or voluptuous shape. To achieve a slim appearance, other than exercising, many women resort to dieting or choose to undergo aesthetic procedures such as mesolipolysis or liposuction. These methods are commonly employed to reduce body fat and contour the body according to desired beauty standards. However, beauty standards are not fixed or uniform within a country. They evolve over time, influenced by changing societal values, media representation, and individual interpretations. What is considered beautiful in one region may differ from another. So, what beauty ideals do you adhere to or find appealing? Our approach to client care is rooted in a meticulous analysis of your facial features, coupled with a genuine attentiveness to your concerns and expectations. A personalized treatment plan will be given according to your needs and desires, ensuring a truly customized experience. We also aim to achieve a natural looking result that complements your facial features, avoiding an overfilled appearance.

Throughout history, the quest for anti-aging solutions has been a journey spanning generations. People have explored various avenues, from skincare products and supplements to medications and energy-based devices, all in pursuit of maintaining a youthful appearance. Beauty trends, like seasons, evolve and transform. At one point, influenced by social media, the focus was on “augmentation” procedures, such as enhancing lips, cheeks, nose, breasts, and buttocks. However, the current trend has shifted towards embracing a more natural look. There has also been a major paradigm shift from traditional surgical resection of sagging skin to minimally invasive therapies. This change has led to a growing preference for skin rejuvenation treatments over those that alter one’s entire appearance. As a result, more individuals are seeking ways to revitalize their skin and enhance their innate beauty rather than seeking drastic transformations. Now, innovative technologies continue to emerge, offering new hope for achieving youthful and radiant skin. One such groundbreaking advancement is the use of exosomes for skin rejuvenation. But before we go into details, let’s clarify some terms. What are stem cells? Stem cells are unique cells in the body that have the remarkable ability to differentiate into various specialized cell types, such as skin cells, bone marrow cells, nerve cells, red blood cells and muscle cells. They play important role in the natural process of tissue repair and regeneration, giving our bodies the innate ability to heal themselves. What are exosomes? Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles, which is the medical term for tiny bubbles that are released from stem cells. They serve as potent messengers in communication between cells. Laden with growth factors, protein, lipids, and genetic material, exosomes play a role in orchestrating various cellular processes, including tissue repair and regeneration. In the context of skin rejuvenation, they are harnessed for their ability to promote collagen and elastin production, reduce inflammation and enhance skin healing. When introduced to the skin, exosomes signal the fibroblasts, and encourage the production of collagen and elastin. Therefore, exosomes are great in diminishing fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin texture. Additionally, they have anti-inflammatory properties, which help to soothe irritated skin, address redness caused by environmental stressors and even improve acnes. Stem cells have become a focus in regenerative medicine for their unique ability to develop into different cell types, their strong influence on the immune system and their ease of manipulation in the lab. However, recent studies have shown that their beneficial effects on healing and tissue repair are not mainly due to their ability to change into other cell types, but rather because of the substances they release. One of these substances is exosomes. Research has found that exosomes alone are responsible for many of the positive effects seen when mesenchymal stem cells are used in experiments. Because of this, scientists are now looking into using exosomes by themselves as a new way to treat various diseases, including those affecting the heart, kidneys, liver, immune system, brain, and even for helping wounds heal on the skin. In aesthetic use, there are some indications where exosomes have proven beneficial: - Rough skin texture - Enlarged pores - Dehydrated skin - Oily skin - Red and sensitive skin - Hyperpigmentation - Scars - Fine lines and wrinkles - Acne - Hair loss Furthermore, due to their skin repair properties, exosomes are often combined with other procedures like laser to help reduce downtime, minimize inflammation, enhance wound healing and minimize scarring post procedure. Ablative lasers also serve as the mode of delivery of exosomes into the skin. PDRN (polydeoxyribonucleotide) As we know, DNA serves as a vital component for skin regeneration and wound healing. Certain products incorporate PDRN, a low molecular weight DNA complex, for the purpose of skin rejuvenation. Clinical studies have demonstrated the properties of PDRN, including anti-inflammatory effects, ability to inhibit pigment formation, stimulate collagen synthesis, and promote angiogenesis (the growth of blood vessels). By enhancing blood vessels formation, PDRN improves blood flow, ultimately accelerating the skin’s healing process. Out of the numerous products currently available, the one I want to highlight here is DuoExoti. DuoExoti DuoExoti is a skin booster formulated with 50 billion exosome particles (containing more than 150 key growth factors, cytokines and proteins) and 1.5% pure salmon DNA (PDRN and PN). The utilization of salmon DNA is driven by its similarity of over 95% to human DNA, rendering it a safe and beneficial ingredient for enhancing the skin’s health and appearance. DuoExoti offers many benefits, including promoting tissue repair, reducing skin inflammation, diminishing hyperpigmentation, boosting collagen synthesis, replenishing skin moisture, and improving skin texture. With this, you can experience a rejuvenated and revitalized complexion, benefiting from the power of exosomes and salmon DNA. It is delivered to the skin either via injection, microneedling, or topical application after ablative laser procedures. Microneedling increases the absorption of the product by creating multiple tiny holes in the skin. Similarly, ablative laser also creates channels that reach the dermal layer of the skin, allowing product to directly reach the dermis when applied to the skin. The dermal layer is specifically targeted in skin treatments because it houses the essential dermal fibroblast, which are key components responsible for collagen production and the regulation of skin physiology. PN or PDRN and exosomes have the remarkable ability to promote growth and activity of these fibroblasts. It becomes evident that administering product directly into this layer yields the maximum benefits for skin rejuvenation and overall skin health. You might be wondering, “What sets exosomes therapy apart from platelet-rich plasma (PRP)?” Platelet rich plasma (PRP) Platelet rich plasma is a volume of plasma that has platelet concentration above baseline. To obtain platelet rich plasma, it involves drawing a small amount of your own blood, which is then centrifuged to separate the plasma enriched with platelets from other components. This PRP is abundant in growth factors, cytokine, and other bioactive proteins that repair and regenerate tissues. PRP has been used widely in medical field as a method of healing injuries or ulcers, and in cosmetic treatment for face and hair. Both PRP therapy and exosome offer effective rejuvenation, harnessing the power of natural tissue-building substances. However, these two approaches differ in essential ways. Exosomes VS PRP PRP relies on the growth factors present in your own blood, while exosomes are sourced from stem cell cultures. Exosomes deliver way more growth factors than PRP does. Exosomes treatment also typically yields visible improvements after just one or two applications, whereas PRP injections may require three to six treatments before achieving noticeable results. Additionally, PRP’s effectiveness may vary among individuals, with age influencing the final outcome. Exosome treatment, on the other hand, consistently delivers excellent results across all age groups. Lastly, PRP is not suitable for individuals with low platelet, platelet dysfunction, liver disease, blood or bone cancer, beta thalassemia major, those on anticoagulant therapy, or those having acute or chronic infection. On the other hand, when it comes to exosome therapy, there are no specific contraindications. This means that there are no absolute restrictions or conditions that would prevent individuals from undergoing exosome therapy. Both treatments offer skin rejuvenation benefits, but exosomes may have additional advantages due to their targeted and potent cell-signaling properties. “Is exosomes skin booster the same as other skin boosters?” While all skin boosters share the goal of biorevitalising the skin, there are notable distinction in their concepts, ingredients, and mechanism of action. The benefits of each can be understood based on the ingredients used. Exosomes, PN and PDRN skin boosters primarily aim at anti-aging benefits. On the other hand, skin boosters containing hyaluronic acid (HA) are focused on delivering deep hydration to the skin, enhancing its moisture levels. Hyaluronic acid is renowned for its exceptional hydrating properties. As a naturally occurring substance in the skin, it has a remarkable ability to attract and retain moisture. Due to its unique molecular structure, hyaluronic acid can hold up to 1000 times its weight in water, making it a powerful humectant. When injected into the skin, it helps to replenish and maintain optimal hydration levels, resulting in plumper, smoother and more radiant skin. Stem cells VS exosomes therapy Stem cells therapy involves directing stem cells to transform into specific cells within the body. Stem cells can be sourced from various places, such as embryos, umbilical cords, and in adult bone marrow and fat. During stem cells treatment for skin, donor stem cells are introduced into the skin through different methods, including topical application, injections, or combining them with other skin rejuvenation procedures like microneedling or laser therapy. Similarly to exosomes, it promotes cell proliferation, collagen production and the formation of new blood vessels, addresses signs aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles and skin laxity as it helps replenish and renew the skin’s structure and function. However, unlike stem cell therapy, exosomes therapy does not involve using donor cells in your body. Instead, exosomes are extracted from donated human mesenchymal stem cells and sterilised. As stem cell and exosome treatments have gained popularity, an increasing number of beauty salons now offer these services. I have observed a growing trend on social media and among my clients where the Hyaluron Pen is being utilized as a method of delivering these treatments to the skin. So, what exactly is the Hyaluron Pen? This device has become well-known in the beauty industry and even as a DIY device to administer hyaluronic acid fillers into the skin without the need for traditional needles. It offers a non-invasive alternative to traditional injectable procedures and is commonly employed for lip augmentations and reducing wrinkles within beauty salons. Now, it appears they have also started using Hyaluron Pen for the delivery of various products into the skin. How does it work? The Hyaluron Pen does not contain any needles. It operates on a principle of pressure technology. It uses a spring-loaded mechanism to create a high-pressure jet that pushes small amounts of hyaluronic acid filler or stem cells solution through the skin via a microscopic opening. The pressure is generated by the pen itself, eliminating the need for needles. It sounds tempting. However, we DO NOT recommend this method of delivery due to multiple reasons: Limited depth of penetration The Hyaluron Pen is designed for superficial injections and may not be suitable for deeper injections or for certain areas of the face that require more precise placement, such as the nasolabial folds or under-eye area. Poor precision and control One of the main reasons we prefer injections is the level of precision and control they offer. With a needle, we can make precise changes and target specific areas with accuracy. This is particularly important when it comes to delicate areas such as the lips or areas with fine lines and wrinkles. The Hyaluron Pen, on the other hand, may not provide the same level of precision, as the filler is dispersed underneath the skin. Also, since the insertion of drug is delivered through pressurized air, it is very hard to control how much drug is delivered. People tend to misuse the product and deliver hyaluronic acid into the wrong area given the lack of knowledge and control. Risks and safety considerations The device’s intense pressure can cause more severe problems like blocked blood vessels, leading to skin necrosis. In certain cases, when air pressure is not enough to surpass the superficial layer of the skin, filler may be delivered to the wrong area causing puffiness or uneven appearance. Swelling, bruising and lumpiness are also common complications. I have encountered clients who previously underwent stem cell therapy done with Hyaluron Pen at beauty salons before seeking treatment at our clinic. The results from those treatments were unsatisfactory, as evident by discoloured lumps and bumps visible at the treatment areas. For this reason, it is important to seek certified professionals for treatment. Uses of exosomes other than skin concerns: Hair loss Apart from skin rejuvenation, exosomes therapy also emerges as a promising and transformative solution for hair loss. Hair loss affects numerous individuals and can have a profound impact on self-confidence and overall well-being. Other treatment options include oral supplements, topical medications, PRP procedures and hair transplant. While PRP has been a proven treatment for hair loss, exosomes therapy takes it to the next level, delivering more growth factors than PRP. Introduction of exosomes into the scalp triggers the regeneration of hair follicles. These powerful messengers communicate with existing cells, encouraging them to proliferate and revive dormant hair follicles. Additionally, the growth factors present in exosomes also stimulate more blood flow to the scalp, providing nourishment and oxygen to the hair follicles, which aid in promoting hair growth and improving hair quality. From male and female pattern baldness to alopecia areata, exosomes therapy offers a versatile approach to address different types of hair loss. With its ability to stimulate natural hair growth and improve hair density, exosome therapy can help individuals regain their crowning glory and confidence. Regenerative medicine Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes hold great potential as a novel cell-free therapeutic approach for addressing a wide array of diseases, such as heart, kidney, liver, immune and neurological conditions, as well as aiding in cutaneous wound healing. Researchers have been extensively exploring exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells as a promising avenue for developing regenerative strategies to combat various diseases. These exosomes carry many of the therapeutic properties found in mesenchymal stem cells, making them valuable tools for innovative treatments. What’s particularly exciting is this cell-free therapy mitigates safety concerns associated with administering viable cells directly.

Isn’t it amazing how technology is continuously evolving, all with a singular focus: stimulating collagen. This progress is all aimed at helping us achieve and maintain youthful skin, emphasizing just how crucial collagen is. Why is collagen so important? What is collagen ? Collagen is a fundamental structural protein present in various tissues throughout our bodies. It has a presence in our skin, hair, nails, tendons, cartilage, and bones. Together with other essential substances like hyaluronic acid and elastin, collagen plays a pivotal role in preserving the elasticity, volume and hydration of the skin. Furthermore, it contributes to the formation of key proteins such as keratin, which are vital for the constitution of skin, hair and nails. In our skin, most of the collagen is located within the dermis, which is the second layer of skin situated beneath the epidermis. The dermis is not only the primary location of collagen, but also where it is naturally produced. Specialised skin cells known as fibroblasts within the dermis are responsible for the synthesis of collagen. Our bodies have a natural mechanism to produce collagen by utilizing amino acids derived from protein-rich or collagen-rich foods such as bone broth, meat, and fish. However, factors like the aging process, exposure to the sun, smoking and alcohol consumption can all impede the body’s collagen production. We lose between 1 to 1.5% of collagen every year after the age of 20. Hence, in your late 30s to early 40s, you have 75% of your peak collagen levels. This explains why fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin become more apparent as we grow older. Throughout time, people have been exploring various methods to enhance collagen production as a means to maintain youthfulness. Two widely available and frequently considered options are collagen skin care products and oral collagen supplement. However, the question remains: do they deliver on their promises? Collagen skin care? There is no scientific evidence to suggest that applying collagen topically can promote the synthesis or development of collagen within the skin. This is primarily due to the fact that collagen molecules are complex. They are too large to effectively penetrate the outermost layer of your skin, the epidermis. They are even less capable of reaching the dermis, where true skin rejuvenation occurs. While collagen creams may provide a pleasant moisturizing effect and leave your skin feeling soft temporarily, their benefits are limited to the skin’s surface and are not long-lasting. To address the challenge of collagen molecule size, many modern skin care products that promote collagen as a key ingredient typically feature hydrolysed collagen or collagen peptides. Hydrolysed collagen undergoes a process where it is broken down into smaller chains of amino acids known as peptides. Do oral collagen supplements work? The effectiveness of oral collagen supplements is a topic of ongoing research and debate. The idea behind collagen supplements is to provide your body with the building blocks it needs to produce collagen. These supplements typically come in the form of pills, capsules, powders or even drinks. Some studies suggest that oral collagen supplements may have benefits for skin health. They have been associated with increased skin hydration, improved elasticity and a reduction in the appearance of wrinkles in some individuals. However, the results can vary from person to person, and not all studies have shown significant improvements. In other words, there is not enough evidence to suggest that taking collagen supplements will make a difference. Keep in mind that collagen is a large molecule, and our bodies cannot absorb collagen in its whole form. When you consume it orally, it needs to be broken down into peptides so it can be absorbed through your gut and enter the bloodstream. These peptides may be broken down further into the foundational components required for creating proteins like keratin, which help form skin, hair and nails. Alternatively, these peptides may form collagen, which can be deposited in various bodily structures, including cartilage, bone, muscle, or tendons. To date, scientific research has not definitely demonstrated that orally consumed collagen will end up in your skin. Also, there are multiple factors that can influence the effectiveness of collagen supplements including the type of collagen used, the dosage, and the individual’s age and overall health. If your aim is to enhance skin texture, boost elasticity, and reduce wrinkles, your most effective strategies involve prioritizing sun protection and incorporating topical retinoids or retinol into your skin care routine as substantial research has consistently shown the effectiveness of these approaches. Another tip to support collagen production in your body is by eating a balanced diet rich in vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis. Nevertheless, lifestyle and dietary choices may not offer the sustained support required to preserve optimal collagen levels. Besides, the natural aging process can impact fat distribution and bone structure, leading to noticeable changes in your facial aesthetics. This might include a reduction in volume in areas like the cheeks, temples, and forehead, along with the emergence of more pronounced wrinkles and fine lines. Or perhaps, if you have always been concerned about certain facial features and wish to refine or enhance them, why not consider addressing these areas by both enhancing volume and stimulating collagen production at the same time? Biostimulators In the world of non-surgical cosmetic enhancements, we are truly spoiled for choice with a diverse range of injectable treatments. When people discuss dermal fillers, there is often a misconception that all dermal fillers are identical. In fact, these fillers, come in a variety of types, each with its own unique composition. You have probably heard quite a bit about hyaluronic acid fillers, and for good reason. They are a go-to choice for many, and there is significant advantage to them- safe and reversible by hyaluronidase, which is an enzyme that is able to break down hyaluronic acid when needed. Now, let’s get to the exciting part. Beyond hyaluronic acid fillers, there is a whole other category of dermal fillers that don’t just stop at “filling”. They bring a little something extra to the table- rejuvenation. In this blog, we are going to shine a spotlight on Radiesse and Ellansé. Radiesse as Collagen Stimulator While the majority of dermal fillers are composed of hyaluronic acid, Radiesse utilizes a unique ingredient called calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) microspheres that are suspended in a gel-like solution. The microspheres are similar in composition to minerals found naturally in human bones, rendering it safe for use in cosmetic procedures. What sets Radiesse apart from other ordinary dermal filler is its dual action, combining instant gratification with extended and progressive benefits. It is FDA-approved for its immediate results plus long-term improvement. The process begins with the immediate plumping effect of the filler, providing instant volume to the treated area. CaHA particles integrate into your skin and create a "scaffold" that provides mechanical stimuli, triggering fibroblast to produce collagen and elastin. Over the course of time, the CaHA microspheres gradually break down, while collagen and elastin production continues to increase, replacing the correction provided by the gel carrier. As a result, natural and sustained rejuvenation is achieved with lesser fine lines and renewed skin structure. Radiesse offers flexibility in its application. It can be administered in both undiluted and diluted forms, each serving a distinct purpose. Undiluted Radiesse excels in plumping and smoothing the skin. On the other hand, when employed in a diluted form, its primary role shifts to skin rejuvenation. This means that if you prefer to avoid the pronounced ‘filling’ effect, Radiesse for skin rejuvenation remains a highly viable and sought- after treatment choice. Is it less likely to migrate, cause foreign body reactions, or make your skin inflamed compared to other dermal fillers. Plus, Radiesse is less painful because it has a small amount of lidocaine in it. Here are some of the uses of Radiesse: Smoothing moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds Radiesse is effective in addressing facial wrinkles and deeper folds, including nasolabial folds, the prominent creases that extend from the corner of your nose to the corner of your mouth. Enhancing cheek volume It is a favored choice for augmenting and rejuvenating cheek volume, reinstating youthful contours to the midface. Correcting volume loss in the back of hands Beyond facial applications, Radiesse is uniquely suited for restoring volume loss in the hands, effectively combating the telltale signs of aging on this often- neglected area. Forehead and temples The appearance of aging can be exacerbated by a sunken or hollowed look in the forehead and temples. Radiesse provides a solution by allowing for injections that effectively restore volume in these areas. Forehead fine lines can also be improved due to increased collagen production induced by Radiesse. Jawline contouring Radiesse offers a versatile solution for refining and sculpting the jawline, aiding in achieving a more defined facial profile. Combatting acne scars Atrophic acne scars develop when there is significant destruction of collagen in the dermis caused by inflammation. Radiesse, with its capacity to stimulate collagen production, proves to be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Neck and décolletage Similarly to the back of hands, Radiesse can be injected to these easily neglected area for rejuvenation. Once administered, it is not dissolvable and provides lasting results, typically spanning a duration of 12 to 18 months, making it a compelling choice for those seeking enduring and natural-looking enhancements. These are the before and after photos of some of our clients: The images displayed above depict the condition of the hand before and after undergoing Radiesse treatment. In the initial photo, you can observe wrinkled skin and noticeable loss of volume, which emphasizes the visibility of veins and tendons. However, in the subsequent photo, taken following a single Radiesse treatment, you can appreciate a significant enhancement in both volume and skin quality of the hand. The after photo undeniably presents a rejuvenated appearance, resembling that of a younger hand. This is the comparison of nasolabial folds before and after Radiesse treatment. It shows noticeable reduction in the prominence of folds. The lady above experienced a loss of volume in her cheek area, accompanied by sagging of superficial fat pad and skin laxity, which contributed to the prominence of her nasolabial fold, marionette lines, and jowling. A combined treatment approach involving Ultherapy and Radiesse synergistically produced a rejuvenating effect, resulting in a more lifted facial appearance with reduced prominence of folds and lines. Ellansé as Collagen stimulator Ellansé is another brand of filler that combines a unique ingredient- polycaprolactone (PCL), a bioresorbable polymer known for its ability to stimulate collagen, with a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based carrier gel. Ellansé delivers immediate results, offering a visible lift and volume to the treated areas while activating body’s collagen production mechanisms. As time progresses, the polycaprolactone microspheres in Ellansé gradually degrade. Yet, what lingers is a rejuvenated and collagen-rich foundation within the skin’s structure. This natural replenishment of collagen is the reason behind Ellansé’s long- lasting results. In terms of longevity, Ellansé S provides result that persists for up to one year, while Ellansé M takes it a step further, offering result up to two years. Now, you might wonder, how does Ellansé differ from Radiesse? Unlike Radiesse, we lack the option to dilute Ellansé to mitigate its plumping effect. In essence, Ellansé behaves much like other dermal fillers, delivering that sought-after plumping action, but with collagen stimulation. To conclude, both Radiesse and Ellansé are dermal filler and biostimulator that offer natural-looking, long-lasting results. If you are looking to rejuvenate your appearance without surgery and enjoy the benefits of increased collagen production, Radiesse and Ellansé could be the solution you have been seeking. However, eventhough Radiesse and Ellansé are versatile treatments, they may not be suitable for every area of the face. We value your individual needs and during your consultation with us, we will carefully assess your facial features to create a tailored plan that best suits you. Many individuals mistakenly believe that biostimulators are solely for older individuals. In fact, even at a young age, you can invest in preserving your collagen because collagen depletion begins as early as the age of 20. Age is just a number, and beauty is timeless. With technology at our disposal, why not embrace and relish its benefits?

Taking care of our skin is essential for maintaining a healthy and achieving radiant complexion. Unfortunately, even with the best intensions, many people unknowingly commit common skincare mistakes that can hinder their progress. In this blog, we will explore some of these mistakes and provide helpful tips to help you avoid them. By rectifying these errors, you can unlock the true potential of your skincare routine and attain skin that is not only healthier, but also more beautiful skin. 1. Sleeping with makeup on One of the most harmful skincare mistakes people make is going to bed without properly removing their makeup. When makeup is left on overnight, it can clog the pores, leading to breakouts, congestion and a lackluster complexion. Properly cleansing your face before bedtime should be a non-negotiable part of your skincare routine. By removing all traces of makeup, you allow your skin to “breathe” and repair itself while you sleep. 2. Over cleansing This is a common mistake, particularly among individuals with oily skin. Contrary to what might be expected, excessive cleansing can actually trigger your skin to produce more oil. This occurs because the natural oils are constantly being washed away, causing skin to compensate by overproducing sebum. Surprisingly, water can also affect your skin’s pH balance and cause irritation. Your skin’s pH is supposed to be slightly acidic, which average is below 5. Water, on the other hand, is alkaline, meaning that splashing your face with water multiple times per day could be ruining your skin. Imbalanced skin pH can disrupt the protective barrier, leading to dry patches, redness and aged skin and triggers inflammatory skin diseases like rosacea, acne and eczema. Cleansing your face twice a day is generally sufficient. 3. Over exfoliation Exfoliating is an excellent way to slough off dead skin cells and reveal a fresh complexion as dead skin cells is the main culprit in causing dull-looking skin. There are two types of exfoliation, chemical exfoliation and mechanical exfoliation. Chemical exfoliation involves the use of acids like AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid) and BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid) to dissolve and remove dead skin cells. Mechanical exfoliation involves tools such as brushes or sponges, or scrubs to physically remove dead skin cells. However, over exfoliating can damage the skin’s natural barrier and cause increased sensitivity. To prevent this, especially if you have sensitive skin, it is important to steer clear of harsh scrubs or excessive exfoliation frequency. Instead, opt for gentle exfoliants and limit it to 2 to 3 times per week. What is skin barrier? Your skin serves a vital role in protecting against infections, irritants, and molecules that can trigger skin allergies. The outermost layer of your skin, known as the stratum corneum acts as the first line of defense. However, various factors can disrupt the skin’s barrier function, including conditions like atopic dermatitis (eczema), acne, rosacea, as well as self- inflicted cause like over-exfoliation . Indications of a compromised skin barrier include dryness and flakiness, accompanied by itchiness, pain, and a rough texture. Such damage can also lead to breakouts and inflamed red skin. Genetic defects partially contribute to conditions like rosacea and eczema, and further harm to the skin barrier can trigger exacerbations of these conditions. How to repair broken skin barrier? First of all, stop ALL your skincare products , including sunscreen for a few days and all your actives like retinol, retinoids, AHA, BHA, Vitamin C as well as harsh cleansers or scrubs. Generally, skin barrier function can be restored in 2 to 5 days, although it may take longer for individuals with conditions like rosacea or dermatitis. There are several beneficial ingredients for improving barrier function. This includes hyaluronic acid, ceramides, squalene, niacinamide, tocopherol and linoleic acid. Once barrier function is reestablished, it is recommended to introduce niacinamide as the first skincare active. 4. Skipping sunscreen or not enough sunscreen: RJ Sunscreen Neglecting to apply sunscreen daily is a grave mistake. Sun damage is a leading cause of many problems like premature aging, dark spots, and even skin cancer. It is important to protect your skin by consistently wearing sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30, regardless of whether it is a sunny or cloudy days. Consider it a non-negotiable part of your skincare routine. If you are too lazy for skincare, at least put on your sunscreen. It is particularly important to apply sunscreen if your skincare routine includes ingredients like retinol, AHA, BHA and Benzoyl Peroxide in your skincare routine, as these ingredients can increase sensitivity to sun. Ensuring adequate sunscreen application is just as important as using sunscreen itself. Ideally, a quantity of 3 to 5ml is recommended for optimal coverage, and don’t forget to reapply every 2 to 4 hours. If you use less than the recommended amount, you are reducing the effectiveness of SPF by half. So, are you applying enough? 5. Using the wrong products for your skin type: One common mistake I often notice among my clients is choosing skincare products without considering the ingredients and their respective effects. Some individuals incorporate multiple active ingredients into a single routine and ended up with broken skin barrier, while some with oily skin use too much moisturising products or heavy formulations, leading to clogged pores and acne. Using skincare products that are not suitable for your skin type can be counterproductive. For instance, applying heavy, oil-based products on oily skin can congest the pores and lead to breakouts. It is important to determine your skin type (dry, oily, combination, sensitive) and select products specifically formulated to address your needs. If your concern is hyperpigmentation, opt for products that target pigments instead. There are various skin lightening agents available, including vitamin C, niacinamide, arbutin, kojic acid, licorice extract, cysteamine, tranexamic acid, retinol, retinoids, azelaic acid, glycolic acid and more. 6. Overloading your skin with products: If you are interested in skincare, you have probably come across the popular Korean 10-steps skincare routine: Step 1: Makeup removal & oil cleansing Step 2: Water based cleansing Step 3: Exfoliator Step 4: Toner Step 5: Essence Step 6: Serum Step 7: Sheet masks Step 8: Eye cream Step 9: Moisturiser Step 10: Sunscreen or night cream While it is important to have a consistent skincare routine, you should avoid overloading your skin with too many products at once. Applying excessive number of products simultaneously can possibly overload your skin, result in irritation and potentially worsen the condition of your skin. If your skin can tolerate all these products and shows improvement, good for you! 7. Not allowing enough time: Another common skincare mistake is being inconsistent with your skincare routine and giving up too quickly. Many people make the mistake of discontinuing product usage when they don’t see immediate improvement. It is natural to desire instant results, but skincare requires time and patience, as the effectiveness of different ingredients varies. It is recommended to allow at least 4 to 8 weeks for a new product to show its effects, with optimal results often observed around the 3-month mark. Here are some examples of ingredients and the durations typically needed before visible results: - Retinol: 10-16 weeks - Vitamin C: 5-8 weeks - Glycolic acid: 4-6 weeks - Salicylic acid: 4-6 weeks - Azelaic acid: 3-4 weeks Ingredients that inhibit pigmentation like Vitamin C, arbutin, licorice extract work by suppressing pigment production. Results from these ingredients often become noticeable 6 to 8 weeks after starting topical application. Exfoliants like AHAs and BHAs work relatively faster as they increase cell turnover rate in the upper layers of the skin. Retinol and retinoids require more time as they influence DNA expression. Therefore, patience is the key when incorporating these ingredients into your skincare routine. Establish a routine and commit to it. 8. Layering skincare in incorrect order: You might be wondering “Why is getting the order correct so important?”. This is because the order of your application impacts the penetration and efficacy of skincare actives. Applying water-based products after oil based ones, for example, can hinder the penetration of the former and hence compromise their effectiveness. To achieve optimal results, it is important to follow the correct order of application. Begin with the thinnest consistency and move towards thicker and heavier products. For example, start with toners and serums, followed by lotions, creams and finally oils. This sequence allows for better absorption and utilization of the skincare products. 9. Using your skincare wrongly: Some clients express concerns about using retinol due to its potential for skin irritation. When first incorporating retinol into your skincare routine, your skin is getting used to the effects of retinol, and may develop a bit of irritant dermatitis . It typically manifests as redness and multiple small bumps in the skin that occurs around follicles. These can create rough, uneven skin texture, resembling the appearance of sandpaper. The affected areas may feel sore, dry and exhibit peeling. Sensitive sites such as around the mouth and eyes are more prone to this reaction. However, there are strategies to minimize the risk. Firstly, you can start with lower concentration, such as retinol 0.5% or retinyl palmitate. Begin by applying every other night and gradually increase the frequency as your skin tolerates, eventually reaching nightly use. RJ night repair containing retinyl palmitate Retinol should be applied at PM. After cleansing, allow a few minutes for your skin to fully dry. This is because when your skin is still damp, the retinol can be absorbed more deeply into your skin and might cause irritation. Then, moisturize 20 minutes after. As your skin becomes acclimated to retinol, you can consider progressing to higher concentration like retinol 1%, followed by retinaldehyde, tretinoin or adapalene. Be sure to put on broad-spectrum sunscreen the following morning since retinol can increase skin sensitivity to sunlight. This step will help protect your skin from potential sun damage. By following these guidelines, you can minimize the likelihood of irritation and introduce retinol into your skincare routine effectively. What to do when you have developed retinoid dermatitis? First thing to do is to withhold the retinoid and allow your skin to recover. During this period, it is advisable to switch to gentle cleansers and moisturiser to soothe your skin. You should also avoid using other active ingredients like AHAs and BHAs. It is very important to put on sunscreen regularly as inflamed skin can react unpredictably to sun exposure- often causing mottled hyperpigmentation. Experiencing retinoid dermatitis does not mean you should completely avoid using retinol or retinoid in the future. You can reintroduce them after your skin has healed, but make sure to follow the measures mentioned above to minimise the risk of skin irritation. 10. Picking and popping pimples: It can be tempting to squeeze or pick your acne, but this habit can result in scarring, infection and further inflammation. Resist the urge to pop pimples. Instead, focus on treating breakouts with appropriate skincare products, topical medications or seek professional procedural treatments if necessary. Allow your skin the time it needs to heal without popping it. It is also important to refrain from touching your face and to minimize any friction or pressure on your skin, as these actions can trigger a specific form of acne known as acne mechanica. This type of acne breakouts occurs when the skin experiences rubbing, squeezing, or stretching. Common culprits behind acne mechanica include sports equipment, clothing, prolonged sitting or lying down, and resting your face on your pillow or arms while sleeping. 11. Neglecting your neck area: Many individuals prioritise skincare routines for their facial skin but often overlook the equally important care required for the neck and décolletage areas. It is vital to remember that these regions are also subject to sun exposure, similar to the face. Over time, they can also experience ‘wear and tear’, loss of hydration and collagen, and hence the development of wrinkles, fine lines and sagginess. This is precisely why people often say, ‘Your neck reveals your age’. In reality, the skin on your neck is naturally thinner, making it more susceptible to premature aging. Additionally, our modern affection for smartphones and tablets has introduced the ‘tech neck’- formation of horizontal lines on the neck due to repetitive posture of tilting the head downward while using these devices. So, you should extend your skincare regimen to include your neck and décolletage. By giving these areas the attention they deserve, you can ensure a more balanced a youthful appearance. In the quest for healthier, radiant skin, avoiding these common skincare mistakes is a pivotal step. Remember, skincare is not just about following the latest trends or purchasing expensive products; it is about understanding your skin’s unique needs and being consistent with your routine.

A woman’s sense of confidence is frequently intertwined with her perception of her own body, and for a considerable number of individuals, the dimensions and contours of their breasts bear notable importance. To some, the impact of breast size and shape on self-assurance can be profound, influencing not only how one views themselves physically, but also emotionally and psychologically. Unlike most body parts that reach a fixed size and cease growing, breasts are known to undergo significant changes in size and shape throughout a woman’s life. Milk-duct system begins to develop when you are still in your mother’s womb. As puberty sets in, the surge of estrogen in the body brings about further transformations. This hormone stimulates the accumulation of fat in the connective tissue, leading to increased breast size, as well as growth in the areola and nipple area. These changes make alterations in breast shape and size more noticeable. Breast development and fluctuations continue to occur naturally throughout a woman’s lifespan, representing a perfectly normal process. So, what determines your breasts size and shape? 1. Genetics Genes play a role in determining the overall structure and composition of breast tissue. This contributes to variations in breast size, volume and shape among individuals. 2. Change in weight Breasts are complex part of your anatomy, consisting of supportive or connective tissue, milk glands and ducts and fatty tissue. The composition of these tissues varies from person to person, resulting in unique breast characteristics. Some individuals have more fatty tissue than supportive tissues, while some have more supportive tissues. If your breasts consist more fatty tissue, you may notice changes in their size when you experience weight fluctuations. However, minor weight gain or loss is unlikely to cause significant changes in breast size. Typically, a noticeable difference in breast size would require a significant weight gain or loss. 3. Menstrual cycle Throughout your menstrual cycle, you may notice distinct changes in your breast size, texture and shape. This is because of the hormonal changes during menstrual cycle. During the first half of cycle, the body produces estrogen, a hormone that promotes ovulation and stimulates milk ducts within the breasts. As you approach the second half of cycle, progesterone comes into play. This hormone stimulates the development of milk glands, which can lead to swelling and mild tenderness. You may notice that your breasts appear larger during this time. When your menstrual cycle is complete, your breasts will generally return to their normal size. 4. Pregnancy During pregnancy, breasts undergo significant hormonal changes as well. Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the growth of milk ducts and mammary glands, causing the breasts to increase in size. After childbirth, hormone levels fluctuate and eventually return to pre-pregnancy levels. This hormonal shift can result in a reduction in breast size. If breastfeeding is established, the breasts continue to produce milk, but once breastfeeding ends, the mammary glands begin to shrink, leading to decrease in breast volume. The extend of this decrease can vary among individuals. In certain cases, the stretching and expansion of breast tissue during pregnancy can affect the ligaments and skin elasticity. Ligaments and skin may not fully contract when breasts return to pre- pregnancy size, and in turns results in a loss of firmness and a perceived decrease in breast size. Ladies explore various avenues for enhancing their bustlines, such as wearing push-up bras, engaging in breast massages, adopting an upright posture with shoulders drawn back to naturally uplift and accentuate the appearance of their breasts, and even experimenting with breast-countouring makeup techniques. Embracing the beauty of your authentic physique undoubtedly holds its own significance, however, it is equally valid for you to opt for refinements that amplify your outward presentation. There is absolutely no shame in seeking ways to enhance your appearance as a mean of rekindling that internal spark of self-assuredness. You have a variety of options available to enhance your breast, including breast fillers, fat transfer and breast implants. 1. Breast filler Breast fillers are injectable gels that are used to temporarily increase breast size and improve their appearance. This is a non-surgical and temporary option for enhancing breast size, and results are not as long-lasting as implants or fat transfer. It typically lasts about 5 years and maintenance injections may be required to sustain the desired outcome. 2. Fat transfer to breasts Fat transfer, also known as autologous fat grafting, is a procedure that involves harvesting fat from one area of body through liposuction and injecting it into the breasts. This technique can provide a modest increase in breast volume, provide small degree of lifting and improve the overall shape. It is a less invasive option compared to breast implants, but the results may be more subtle and may require multiple sessions. 3. Breast implants Breast augmentation with implants is a surgical procedure that involves inserting silicone implants to enhance breast size and refine their contour. Diverse implant brands are available, each with different characteristics in terms of shapes and texture. You can choose your preferred size and shape. For example, round implants that provide you fullness throughout the breast, teardrop or anatomical implants that are shaped like a teardrop, mimicking the natural slope of the breast. They provide a more anatomically contoured and natural appearance. Implants are also offered in an array of sizes, tailored to your body proportions and desired results. While breast implant definitely gives more volume and improved shape of breasts, it does carry some risks and potential complications. These can include infection, implant rupture or leakage, capsular contracture (scar tissue formation around the implant), and aesthetic concerns such as asymmetry. How to determine the appropriate modality for you? This decision depends on several factors: Your expectation The outcomes of fat transfer and breast fillers differ from those of implants, particularly in terms of shaping and lifting effects. Additionally, they may not attain the same level of size enhancement achievable through implants in a single session. Thus, if your goal is a single comprehensive procedure with the potential to significantly and dramatically transform your breasts appearance, then breast implant is the preferable choice. If you prefer fat transfer, there must be enough fat to transfer If you are considering a fat transfer procedure, it is essential to have an adequate amount of fat available for transfer. It is important to be aware that not all of the transferred fat may survive the process. The stabilisation period for fat after a fat transfer procedure can vary, but generally, it takes several months for the transferred fat to fully settle and establish its new blood supply. During this time, some of the initially transferred fat cells might not survive, and the body may reabsorb them. This process can take anywhere from a few months to around six months. If there is not enough fat to transfer initially and, in addition to that, some of the transferred fat does not survive, it could lead to potential disappointment with the final outcome. The survival rate of fat in fat transfer procedure can be influenced by several factors. Here are some key factors that can impact the success and longevity of fat survival: 1. Quality and viability of fat cells The quality and viability of the harvested fat cells are vital for their survival. Factors such as your age and health can impact the overall health and vitality of the fat cells. Generally, younger patients tend to have higher-quality fat cells with better survival rates. 2. Weight loss While fat becomes permanent after the resorption period, it remains subject to the effects of aging and fluctuations in weight, behaving like natural fat. In simpler terms, weight loss will lead to a reduction in breast size, and over time, the breasts may also experience sagging and reduced volume due to aging. 3. Postoperative care Adequate blood flow and oxygen supply to the transferred fat cells during the healing phase can enhance their survival rate. Therefore, following fat transfer procedure, adherence to post-operative care instructions is crucial. This may include avoidance of pressure or trauma to the treated area by avoiding tight- fitting bras and refraining from sleeping on your side for a duration of 2 months. It is also important to maintain a healthy diet, prioritise restful sleep, and temporarily halt practices like intermittent fasting or low carbohydrate diets if you are on any. Furthermore, you should avoid high-impact physical workouts for a period of 6 months and lastly, quitting smoking is advised, as it reduces blood supply to the transplanted fat graft and compromises its viability. 4. Harvesting, processing methods and injection technique also affect fat survival. Even with optimal techniques and conditions, some degree of fat resorption can occur over time. Result longevity Breast filler can last for 5 years, while most silicone implants are FDA approved for 10 to 20 years , but this does not mean that you have to get them replaced every 10 to 20 years. You can safely go beyond these time frames, and most people only have 1 to 2 replacements in their lifetime. In the case of fat transfer, the results are permanent as long as the transplanted fat survived the resorption period. However, the size of the treated area might fluctuate according to changes in your body weight. Health considerations Your overall health, medical history and any existing conditions can also influence the suitability of certain procedures. These factors will be evaluated during consultations to ensure your safety. Downtime If you are seeking a non-surgical enhancement with minimal downtime, breast fillers could be a suitable choice. They are especially beneficial for those who desire a modest augmentation and want to avoid surgical procedures. In summary: “I don’t want foreign object to be placed in my boobs” -> Opt for fat transfer as it utilizes your own fat, aligning with your desire to avoid foreign substances within your breasts. “I want everyone to notice my boobs” -> Breast implant, because it is able to provide enhancement that stands out, drawing attention to your breasts. “I want my boobs to look natural” -> Breast filler, fat transfer or anatomical breast implant. “I’m thin” or “I’m trying to lose weight” -> Breast filler or breast implant, as they can provide volume without the need for extensive body fat. Also, if you are actively working towards weight loss through dietary control and exercise, the likelihood of fat survival may decrease. Shedding pounds could also lead to a reduction in the size of transferred fat. Remember, each option has its own limitations and potential risks. Having realistic expectations about the outcomes is important. About The Woman Who Lost Her Life After Breast Filler Procedure… Tragically, a distressing incident has come to light involving a 29-year-old woman from Malaysia. She lost her life following a breast filler procedure performed by an unlicensed beautician at home setting . The suspicion is that she contracted a bacterial infection post-injection, compounded by an excessive dose of anaesthesia . After feeling unwell the day after the procedure, she was admitted to the hospital and eventually passed away while in the intensive care unit. The highlighted keywords are the points I aim to discuss. The intention here is not to assign blame, but rather to raise awareness. Unlicensed Beautician Opting for qualified doctors over unlicensed beauticians is advised for several reasons. Doctors undergo years of rigorous medical education and training. While some beauticians may possess aesthetic skills and sense of beauty, doctors are uniquely equipped to manage anaesthesia and handle immediate complications, and worst-case scenarios like cardiac or anaesthetic-related emergencies. Proper aftercare will also be provided by qualified professionals to ensure optimal results from treatment. Procedure done at home, Infection Any procedure involving skin penetration carries inherent infection risks. However, these risks can be lowered through meticulous execution in a controlled, sterile environment. A controlled environment refers to an operating room that undergoes thorough disinfection and sanitisation. Employing a sterile technique involves the operator donning sterile attire like caps, gowns, gloves, while utilizing equipment sterilized via autoclaving. The recent news revealed that the procedure occurred in a home setting, raising my doubt about achieving the necessary level of sterility. While homes can be clean, they will not ensure the same level of sterility as operation theaters, which enforce strict protocols including specialized attire and controlled access points. Moreover, home setting will lack the essential medical equipment required to address emergencies. *For reference, autoclave is a machine that uses steam under pressure to kill harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores on items that are placed inside a pressure vessel. In conclusion, consultation should be done with qualified practitioner to discuss your goals, evaluate your eligibility for any of these breast augmentation modalities, and receive personalized recommendations based on your unique circumstances. Doctors will guide you through the decision-making process, discuss potential risks and benefits, and help you make an informed choice. Undergoing treatment from the right individual, using the appropriate method, within the proper environment, will minimize the likelihood of complications. I presume that a possible factor driving people to choose beauticians over licensed doctors for treatments is the attraction of reduced expenses. After all, if you can get result for a lower price, why wouldn’t you? However, when considering the choice between saving money and saving your own life, which would you prioritise?

Having oily skin can sometimes feel like a daily battle. Just imaging spending a fun-filled day with your besties, and while they are still looking fabulous, your face decides to go all shiny, and your hair? Well, let’s just say it is embracing the greasy look. And, to make things even more amusing, your oily skin tends to make an unexpected appearance in flash photos. Understanding oily skin You have probably asked yourself why your skin seems to be oilier than others. Let’s start by getting the lowdown on oily skin. Our skin produces a natural oil called ‘sebum’ and, sebum is not exactly bad. In fact, it is the body’s way of keeping our skin healthy, nourished and nicely moisturized. The hitch comes when our sebaceous glands kick into overdrive, pumping out more sebum than necessary, leading to oily skin. Several factors contribute to this overproduction: 1. Genetic predisposition Your genetic makeup plays a significant role in shaping your skin type, and if your parents had oily skin, chances are you are inherited a similar predisposition. Genetics can influence the size and activity of your sebaceous glands, impacting your skin’s oiliness. 2. Hormonal influences Hormones wield substantial influence over your skin’s behavior. During life stages like puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations can stimulate sebum production. Androgens are a group of hormones, primarily testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), that play a significant role in the development and regulation of male sexual characteristics. However, they are also present in females, albeit in smaller quantities, and have various functions in both sexes. Androgens can influence sebum production in the skin, especially DHT, can bind to receptors on the sebaceous glands and stimulate them to produce more sebum. Androgens can also lead to the enlargement of sebaceous glands. Larger glands have more capacity to produce sebum, resulting in increased sebum release. Vast majority of androgen excess in women is caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common chronic condition that affects up to 10% of all women. Rarely, adrenal or ovarian tumours can also cause hyperandrogenism. 3. Environmental factors Climate has a significant impact on your skin’s oiliness. Hot and humid weather, common in tropical regions, can stimulate your sebaceous glands, leading to increased oil production. Conversely, dry environments can cause your skin to overcompensate by producing even more oil to counteract the dryness. 4. Skincare product choices Using products that are too harsh or not suitable for your skin type can disrupt its natural equilibrium. Harsh cleansers or products containing alcohol can strip away too much oil, prompting your skin to react by producing even more sebum to compensate. 5. Dietary influences Your diet can have a significant impact on your skin’s oiliness. Food high in saturated fats and trans-fat, like fried items, can kick start inflammation in the skin, leading to increased oil production and potentially causing acne. Items like milk products, butter, cheese can also have an effect on your hormones, potentially acting as triggers for oily skin. Oily skin does not travel alone; it often brings along a couple of companions , such as acne, a lackluster complexion and enlarged pores. Let’s take a closer look at how oily skin can lead to these additional challenges. This photo shows a lady troubled by oily skin, enlarged pores, acne and dull skin. Acne Excess sebum can clog pores, creating a perfect breeding ground for acne-causing bacteria and then causing inflammation. This can result in acne and blemishes that can be frustrating to deal with. Dull skin Oily skin can also contribute to a dull and lackluster complexion. The excessive oil on the surface of your skin together with trapped dead skin cells can build up and lead to a dull and tired-looking complexion, far from the radiant glow we all desire. Enlarged pores While oily skin can manifest in a shiny complexion, it can also bring about this concern: enlarged pores. When your skin produces an excessive amount of sebum, this oil can mix with dead skin cells and other impurities. Over time, this mixture can accumulate in your pores, causing them to stretch and become more visible, giving the appearance of larger pores. Other conditions associated with oily skin: Sebaceous hyperplasia Sebaceous hyperplasia is a harmless skin condition characterised by the enlargement of sebaceous glands. It occurs when hair follicles become blocked. Blockage can arise due to an excess of sebaceous glands or because these glands are producing an excessive amount of sebum compared to what your skin requires. This then leads to the appearance of small, flesh-coloured or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. It can potentially affect any part of your skin, most frequently observed on the face. While oily skin can play a role, there are also genetic factors involve in the development of sebaceous hyperplasia, making some individuals more predisposed to this condition. The appearance of sebaceous hyperplasia can be reminiscent of non-inflamed acne, leading to potential confusion with comedonal acne. However, if you look closely, you can notice a central depression or indentation within the bump. You might also see tiny blood vessels inside the bump. These features serve as indicators that you are likely dealing with sebaceous hyperplasia instead of acne. Seborrheic dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, noncontagious skin condition that manifests as itchy red patches and oily scales on the skin, often accompanied by white or yellowish crusts or powdery flakes on the s calp. When occurs on scalp, it is commonly known as ‘dandruff’. Individuals with inherently oily skin have an increased susceptibility to developing this form of dermatitis. Additionally, if you have family history of psoriasis, the risk is higher. Seborrheic dermatitis can also appear on other parts of the body with high sebaceous gland activity. These areas include the chest, upper back, face especially forehead, the creases around the base of the nose, behind the ears, belly button, eyebrows, under the breasts, and in the folds or bends of the arms, legs and groin. It is a lifelong condition that may come and go with treatment and can experience periodic flare-ups. Milia (also known as oil seed) Oily skin itself is not a direct cause of milia, but there can be an indirect relationship between oily skin and the development of milia. Milia are typically caused by the trapping of dead skin cells and keratin (a protein found in skin, hair and nails) beneath the surface of the skin. While oily skin does not directly cause this trapping, it can contribute to the conditions that make it more likely to occur. So, how can we address oily skin? The key is to strike a balance between having too much oil and maintaining your skin’s natural moisture. What you can do for yourself... 1. Gentle cleansing is key Steer clear of harsh, alcohol-based cleansers. These can strip away your skin’s natural oils and lead to more oil production. Stick to a simple rule: cleanse your face twice a day, unless you find it excessively oily during the day, in which case you can clean up to 3 times a day. 2. Opt for skin care products that suits oily skin For oily skin type, the texture of your moisturiser is important. A thick, creamy moisturiser can act as an occlusive, trapping oil on the skin’s surface. Occlusive products are those with formula that forms a seal over the surface of your skin to prevent water loss. This is beneficial for those with dry skin who struggle to retain moisture, but they can be overly heavy for individuals with oily skin types. Also, when it comes to choosing skincare, opt for products that sports the labels “oil free” and “non-comedogenic”. These labels indicate that the products, whether they be cleansers, moisturisers, or makeup, will not clog your pores or spur acne. In addition, go for water based makeup for a skin-friendly choice that won’t exacerbate oiliness. 3. Maintain a regular exfoliation routine Exfoliation is key for oily skin but using gentle chemical exfoliants is preferred. Physical exfoliants can damage the moisture barrier and lead to dryness that cause skin to produce more oil. Consider exfoliating 2 to 3 times a week with gentle exfoliant that contains either salicylic acid or alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic acid. This routine can effectively clear impurities, sebum and clogged pores, minimize blackheads, and reduce the occurrence of breakouts. 4. Opt for blotting papers on the go For a quick fix during the day, reach for blotting papers. Simply press the paper gently against your face and let it sit for a few seconds to soak up the excess oil. Avoid rubbing the paper on your skin, as this can inadvertently spread the oil to different areas of your face. 5. Avoid unnecessary face contact Resist the urge to touch your face during the day. While it might be tempting, this action can transfer dirt, oils, and bacteria from your hands to your face. 6. Cut down on food that increase sebum production As mentioned previously. Treatments for oily skin Microdermabrasion Microdermabrasion is a skin treatment that effectively eliminates dead skin cells, excess oil and surface impurities. Through the removal of excess oil, microdermabrasion aids in balancing sebum production, thereby minimizing the oily sheen. Furthermore, by eliminating dead skin cells, this treatment unveils a brighter, more radiant complexion. Chemical peel Chemical peel is also a way to treat oily skin with clogged pores. It involves the application of chemical agent on your skin that results in exfoliation of skin followed by regrowth of new skin leading to skin rejuvenation. Rejuran Rejuran comprises polynucleotide (PN), which are segmented DNA extracted from salmon. It has the ability to balance oil and moisture, making it a favorable choice for addressing oily skin while providing essential hydration to your skin. Microbotox Minute quantities of botulinum toxin can effectively diminish sebum production in the skin while preserving the ability to engage in natural facial expressions. Furthermore, botox offers the added advantage of reducing perspiration, leading to a decrease in the amount of sweat and oil that can lead to makeup smudging and skin breakouts. Oral isotretinoin This is commonly known as Accutane. It works by suppressing the function of sebaceous glands and altering the process of keratinization when taken at therapeutic doses. This medication has been found to decrease both the size of sebaceous glands and the production of sebum. It is among the most effective inhibitors of sebum production, but some people cannot endure or are unwilling to accept the side effects such as dry lips, dry eyes, peeling skin due to excessive dryness, thinning hair and sun sensitivity. Some are also contraindicated for its use. However, dosage of isotretinoin can be adjusted to minimize undesired side effects. Antiandrogenic medications Antiandrogenic medications are drugs that are designed to reduce the effects of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in the body. These medications are used in various medical conditions where excessive androgen activity is a problem, and in this case, excessive sebum production. One example of antiandrogenic medication include spironolactone, a diuretic medication that also has antiandrogenic properties. It is also used in women with hormonal acne. Certain oral contraceptives (birth control pills) contain hormones that have antiandrogenic effects, helping to regulate sebum production. Note that the use of these oral medications should be carefully supervised by a healthcare provider, as they can have potential side effects and interactions with other medications. The choice of medication and treatment plan will depend on the specific condition being treated and individual patient factors. Therefore, consultation with qualified healthcare professionals is essential. Treatments for oily skin- related conditions Sebaceous hyperplasia can be managed with oral isotretinoin, but recurrence is possible once the medication is discontinued. A fast and effective way to remove sebaceous hyperplasia is by ablative laser treatment. Ablative laser treatment can also provide immediate results for milia removal. Alternatively, a needle can be used to puncture the milia and squeeze out its contents. This should be performed by a professional in a clinical setting, and not at home to mitigate the risk of infection that arises when not conducted correctly. Seborrheic dermatitis , caused by the fungus known as Malassezia Furfur, is typically treated with antifungal medication.

Beauty is more than skin deep, and sometimes, our bodies send signals through aesthetic changes that could be indicators of underlying health issues. Let's uncover the subtle signs that your body might be trying to tell you something about your overall health.   Aesthetic issues: Xanthelasma Xanthelasma is a skin condition characterized by yellowish, cholesterol-rich deposits that typically appear around the eyelids. These soft, raised patches are often symmetrical and can vary in size. While xanthelasma itself is usually harmless, it can be indicative of underlying health issues, particularly elevated cholesterol levels and an increased risk of heart disease .   Typically, this condition is observed in individuals in their middle-aged or older years, and it appears more frequently in women than in men. It is most prevalent among individuals with familial roots in Asia or the Mediterranean.   Approximately half of those with xanthelasma have elevated cholesterol levels. Your likelihood of developing xanthelasma is higher if you have: -       High LDL (“bad” cholesterol) or low HDL (“good” cholesterol) -       Inherited high cholesterol, referred to as familial hypercholesterolemia by doctors -       Primary biliary cirrhosis, a liver condition which can elevate cholesterol levels   Xanthelasma can also be associated with diabetes and thyroid dysfunction . It can manifest even in individuals with cholesterol levels considered within the normal range. Hence, getting a blood test can be helpful if you have xanthelasma.   While treatment for xanthelasma is generally not deemed medically essential, people may opt for treatment due to cosmetic concerns. Addressing the root cause, such as effectively managing elevated lipid levels, can contribute to the successful management of this condition.   Aesthetic treatments available include ablative laser and surgical excision. Treatments are effective, but there is also possibility of the growths recurring, particularly in cases of inherited high cholesterol.   Acanthosis nigricans Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition characterized by the development of dark, thickened, and velvety patches on the skin. These patches typically appear in areas with folds or creases, such as the neck, armpits, groin, and the back of the joints. Acanthosis nigricans is not a disease itself, but is often associated with underlying health issues.   The precise cause of acanthosis nigricans remains uncertain, but is primarily associated with conditions of insulin resistance. This correlation is often observed in conjunction with obesity , diabetes , and various metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome , polycystic ovary syndrome , generalized lipodystrophy and underactive thyroid .  Sometimes, acanthosis nigricans may have a hereditary component, inherited from parents, or be a component of a genetic syndrome. Additionally, it can be induced by certain medications , including oral contraceptives or steroids. Rarely, there is a link with an internal malignancy . People with malignant acanthosis nigricans tend to be middle-aged, not obese, and lesions develop abruptly.   There is no treatment specifically tailored for acanthosis nigricans, but some treatments that can be beneficial in reducing the appearance of acanthosis nigricans include: -       Skincare products designed to lighten the skin and enhance the turnover rate of skin cells, thereby assisting in the clearance of the skin. -       Laser treatment -       Chemical peel   It is important to explore whether an underlying disease is playing a role in its development. Identifying and addressing these underlying conditions could result in the clearing or improvement of your skin. Taking an active role in managing this condition is also important by changing lifestyle such as weight loss and dietary modifications to enhance insulin sensitivity.   Obesity Obesity can result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Several medical conditions can contribute to or be associated with obesity. Here are some medical conditions that may cause or contribute to obesity:   1.     Hypothyroidism - An underactive thyroid can lead to a decrease in metabolism, causing weight gain. 2.     Cushing’s syndrome - This disorder is characterized by the overproduction of cortisol, a hormone that can lead to weight gain, especially in the abdominal area. 3.     Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) - PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can cause weight gain, insulin resistance, and difficulties in losing weight. 4.     Prader-Willi Syndrome - This is a genetic disorder that results in insatiable hunger and a slowed metabolism, often leading to obesity. 5.     Insulin resistance - Conditions such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes can involve insulin resistance, making it difficult for the body to regulate blood sugar and leading to weight gain. 6.     Genetic factors - Genetic predisposition can play a significant role in a person’s susceptibility to obesity. 7.     Hypothalamic obesity - Hypothalamus is a structure within the brain responsible for regulating appetite. If the hypothalamus undergoes damage, which can result from a brain tumor or head injury, it may lead to swift weight gain. This is attributed to changes in brain response, attention, satiety, and eating behaviors . 8.     Binge eating disorder - An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food, often rapidly and to the point of discomfort, which can contribute to obesity.   While these conditions may contribute to weight gain, lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity also play a crucial role in the development and management of obesity. Additionally, the interaction between genetics and the environment is complex, and individual responses to these factors can vary.   Addressing the root medical conditions can support weight loss. Additionally, making lifestyle modifications and incorporating certain aesthetic treatments can contribute to the effective management of weight and fat . Hair loss Hair loss, or alopecia, can result from various medical conditions, genetic factors, hormonal changes and environmental influences. Here are some medical conditions that can contribute to hair loss:   1.     Autoimmune diseases , such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. These can cause hair loss as the immune system attacks healthy cells, including own hair follicles. 2.     Nutritional deficiencies : Inadequate intake of essential nutrients like vitamins and minerals, including zinc, iron, and vitamin D, can contribute to hair loss. 3.     Thyroid disorders : Conditions such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and drug-induced hypothyroidism have been associated with widespread hair shedding . 4.     Scalp infections , such as ringworm, and other fungal conditions can cause hair loss 5.     Trichotillomania : This is a psychological disorder where individuals have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, leading to noticeable hair loss. 6.     Cushing’s syndrome 7.     PCOS   Hirsutism Hirsutism is a condition characterized by the excessive growth of coarse, dark hair in areas where men typically grow hair, primarily in women. This abnormal hair growth pattern is often associated with an increase in androgens, which are male hormones. When high androgen levels cause hirsutism, other signs might develop over time, including acne, hair loss, deepening voice, decreased breast size and enlargement of the clitoris.   Hirsutism can be a cosmetic concern and may indicate an underlying medical condition.   Causes: 1.     Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) -       PCOS is a common cause of hirsutism. It leads to an imbalance in androgens, causing excessive hair growth. 2.     Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) -       This is a genetic disorder affecting the adrenal glands, leading to an overproduction of androgens and hirsutism. 3.     Cushing’s syndrome -       An endocrine disorder characterized by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can lead to hirsutism. 4.     Tumours -       Androgen-secreting tumour in the ovaries or adrenal glands tumour can produce excess androgens, leading to hirsutism. 5.     Medications -       Certain medications, such as steroids and certain hormonal treatments, can cause hirsutism as a side effect.   To address this condition, aesthetic medicine can contribute through the use of laser for hair removal.   Acne  Although acne is primarily identified as a skin issue, in some cases, its development can be influenced or exacerbated by various medical conditions and factors. Here are a few examples of conditions that may contribute to or worsen acne:   1.     Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can lead to an imbalance in androgens, contributing to the development of acne. Hormonal fluctuations associated with PCOS may result in increased oil production and the formation of acne lesions, especially along the jawline and chin.   2.     Cushing’s syndrome Elevated cortisol levels can affect the skin’s oil production and contribute to the occurrence of acne.   3.     Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) Elevated androgen levels stimulate sebaceous glands, contributing to acne development.   Treatments for hormonal acne can include topical and oral medications. Your discipline also plays a part to effectively manage acne. Resist the urge to touch or pick at your face, as these behaviours can exacerbate inflammation and contribute to the formation of acne scars. Additionally, it is advisable to steer clear of sugary foods and dairy products, as they can trigger and worsen acne. In conclusion, it is important to recognise that aesthetic signs can often be indicative of underlying health conditions, serving as visual cues that prompt further investigation. Paying attention to changes in the skin, hair, and overall appearance can be a valuable step in identifying potential health issues early on. While aesthetic treatments can address certain concerns, understanding the broader context of these signs is equally important.

Malaysia is facing alarming projections regarding obesity rates in the near future. According to a recent report by the World Obesity Federation, it is anticipated that 41% of the country’s adults will be obese by 2035, indicating a significant rise in the prevalence of obesity. Excess body fat can have severe health implications, including heart diseases, stroke, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders like osteoarthritis, and certain cancers like endometrial, breast, and colon cancer. These conditions not only lead to premature death, but also cause significant disability. Let’s face it, saying no to yummy treats, especially when there are so many tempting cafes and restaurants, can be tough! But hey, the good news is, more and more folks are hitting the gym and embracing the fitness vibe. Are you fat or fit? People often express a desire to ‘lose weight’, but it is crucial to understand that weight is not just about fat; it includes muscle mass too. Consider this scenario: imagine a bodybuilder and a sedentary person, both having the same height and weight, resulting in a BMI of 30, which is classified as obese. Does this mean the bodybuilder is obese? Certainly not. This highlights the limitation of using weight and BMI as sole indicators of health or ideal body composition. Weight can’t differentiate between muscle and fat, and a person with a higher muscle mass might have a higher weight but be healthier and fitter than someone with the same weight but lower muscle mass. It is essential to focus on body composition, overall fitness, and lifestyle habits rather than relying solely on weight-related metrics to assess health and well-being. An effective method to gauge your body composition is through our InBody machine , which provides analysis of your muscle and fat distribution. It also offers segmental analysis, means it precisely reveals how your fat and muscles are distributed throughout your body. Additionally, the InBody machine can estimate your visceral fat level, giving you an understanding of your internal fat accumulation, a crucial insight for overall health assessment. With this detailed information, you can make informed decisions about your fitness and wellness journey. In terms of losing fat, the key lies in maintaining a balance between the calories you consume and the calories you expend. Calorie intake can be controlled by reducing overall fat consumption and choosing unsaturated fats over saturated fats. Food with high glycemic index should be avoided while intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains and nuts should be increased. One practical strategy for managing your calorie intake effectively is by taking meal replacement. What are the best approaches to fat loss? Berry Fit Berry fit is a meal replacement drink designed to provide a convenient alternative to your traditional meal. It is fortified with essential nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals, aiming to offer a balanced nutritional profile similar to a full meal. Its delicious taste comes from a blend of mixed berried (blackberry, raspberry, blueberry, elderberry) despite being sugar and milk-free. The multigrain ingredient gives it a satisfying texture. Whether you prefer it concentrated or diluted is entirely up to you; adjust the water to achieve your desired thickness. Few benefits of meal replacement drinks include: Convenience You can consider meal replacement if you have busy lifestyles and does not have time to prepare or sit down for a full meal. They are quick, portable, and can be consumed on the go. Weight Management Meal replacement drinks can be part of your weight loss or weight management plan. Berry Fit has controlled calorie content of 120 kcal, making it easier to monitor daily caloric intake, which is essential for weight control. Nutritional balance Berries are packed with antioxidants, essential for bolstering your immune system and supporting overall health. These powerful compounds not only fortify your body’s defenses, but also play a key role in promoting healthy aging. Berry Fit is also formulated to provide essential nutrients, including proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals. It aims to offer a well-rounded nutritional profile, ensuring that consumers receive a mix of macronutrients and micronutrients. Protein content in Berry Fit also help you to maintain and build muscle mass, promotes satiety, and supports the feeling of fullness. Next, to burn calories, it is beneficial to engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days. Various technologies can also support your efforts in achieving fat loss goals, such as: Redustim Redustim is an aesthetic medical device that uses BioStimology technology, in which low frequency alternating BioEnergetic field stimulates calcium pump in the muscle cells. Calcium pump causes contraction of muscles, and uses energy in the form of ATP that is derived from visceral fat, thereby reducing visceral fat. Treatment takes 45 minutes per session, and effect is comparable to heavy exercise. On top of that, ReduStim has micropressure that follows the direction of lymphatic drainage. This helps to eliminate toxins and metabolic wastes including broken down fat cells from the body through lymphatic drainage. People tend to overlook the importance of building muscle mass. In fact, building muscle mass is not only for those looking to lose weight but also for individuals who appear slim. EMS EMS is a non-invasive body contouring treatment that uses high intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technology to induce powerful muscle contractions. These contractions are similar to those that occur during intense physical exercise, resulting in the strengthening and toning of muscles in specific areas. It is especially beneficial for individuals who face challenges engaging in rigorous workouts due to mobility issues but aim to shed excess fat and enhance muscle tone. Why is building muscles important? Muscle tissue requires more energy at rest compared to fat tissue. Therefore, having more muscle increases your resting metabolic rate, meaning you burn more calories even when you are not active. This increased calorie expenditure makes it easier to maintain a healthy weight. Also, muscles are actively involved in most physical activities. When you have more muscle mass, you burn more calories during exercises. After a workout, your body continues to burn calories during the recovery process, especially if the workout involved resistance training. This phenomenon is known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) or the afterburn effect. Having more muscle increases the duration and intensity of this effect, leading to additional calorie burn and potential weight loss. Physical performance Muscles provide the strength and power needed for daily activities and physical performances. Whether it is lifting groceries or participating in sports, adequate muscle mass enhances overall functionality. Adequate muscle mass maintains functional independence, allowing you to perform daily tasks without assistance even when you aged. Bone health Muscles provide support to the bones. Engaging in weight-bearing exercises that build muscle also promotes bone density, reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Neglecting muscle development can lead to a frail and unhealthy body, even for those with a seemingly slim physique. Hence, it is an aspect of fitness that should not be ignored, as it plays a role in preventing future health issues. EMS is not just beneficial for muscle toning at your tummy, arms, thighs, buttocks. It can also address specific concerns such as strengthening the pelvic floor muscles. This is particularly important for women who experience incontinence, either due to overweight or have gone through pregnancy, hormonal changes, like reduced estrogen during menopause, causing weaken pelvic floor muscles and surrounding ligaments. This issue is not exclusive to women; men, especially with age, can also face bladder weakness. By simply sitting fully clothed on EMS chair for a 30-minutes session, EMS helps improve the performance of pelvic floor muscles, providing a non- invasive and convenient way to address this concern. Unexpected weight gain or struggles with weight loss might be indicative of underlying medical conditions. If you find yourself experiencing rapid weight changes despite your efforts, further workup may be required to rule out medical issues, and addressing them can be key to achieving your health and fitness goals. Some medical conditions that closely link to increased body fat include: Hypothyroidism Thyroid issues can affect your weight, body temperature and total and resting energy expenditure regardless of physical activity. With hypothyroidism, your metabolism slows down. In other words, you will gain weight, and it is harder to shed extra pounds or maintain a healthy body weight. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) PCOS is a condition where the ovaries produce an excessive amount of androgens, typically found in small quantities in women. The term ‘polycystic’ refers to the multiple small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that develop in the ovaries. PCOS is closely linked to obesity and difficulty losing weight. Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which means their bodies do not respond well to insulin (hormone that converts sugars from food into energy), causing insulin and sugar to build up in the bloodstream. Insulin resistance can promote fat storage, particularly around the abdomen. It can also lead to increased hunger and cravings, making it more challenging to maintain a healthy diet and lose weight. Obesity in turn can also exacerbate the symptoms of PCOS such as further metabolic issues and reproductive abnormalities. Cushing syndrome Cushing syndrome is a condition characterised by the overproduction of cortisol. One of its prominent features is central or truncal obesity, meaning excess fat accumulates around the abdomen and torso. The reason behind this specific distribution of fat can be attributed to the interplay of appetite stimulation and the impact of glucocorticoids, the class of hormones that includes cortisol. Glucocorticoids not only influence our appetite, often leading to increased cravings and overeating, but they also promote the storage of visceral fat. Visceral fat is the fat stored around internal organs in the abdominal cavity and is associated with various health risks. Excessive cortisol also disrupts the body’s normal fat distribution, leading to central obesity with sparing of fat accumulation in buttocks and thighs. Does stress make you fat? Yes, it does. Cortisol, a hormone naturally generated by the adrenal glands, plays a role in your body’s stress response. When you encounter stress, cortisol is released, triggering the fight-or-flight mechanism. This response temporarily halts regular bodily functions and slows down your metabolism, redirecting energy to cope with the stressor. Chronic stress or prolonged periods of heightened cortisol levels can lead to various health issues. One significant effect of elevated cortisol levels is their impact on your metabolism and eating habits. Cortisol stimulates your fat and carbohydrate metabolism, generating a surge of energy. While this process is beneficial in high-stress situations, it also increases your appetite. Moreover, increased cortisol levels often result in cravings for sweet, fatty and salty food. Excess cortisol in your system can interfere with the production of other hormones, like testosterone. A surplus of cortisol may cause your body to generate less testosterone, a hormone crucial for maintaining muscle mass and regulating your metabolism. Consequently, a decreased testosterone levels can lead to a reduction in muscle mass and a slowdown in the number of calories your body burns at rest. Insufficient sleep or insomnia can also make you fat. Inadequate sleep disrupts the balance of key hormones, increasing ghrelin which boosts appetite and decreasing leptin which signals fullness. This imbalance often leads to weight gain. Conversely, getting sufficient sleep could help regulate these hormones, promoting a healthier balance and potentially supporting weight management. When facing increasing body fat linked to medical conditions, the primary objective is to address the root cause of the issue, rather than solely focusing on weight loss. By treating the core health issue, you can achieve sustainable and healthier weight management outcomes.

Acne, a common skin condition, affects millions worldwide, leaving behind not just physical but emotional imprints on people who suffer from it. While acne itself can be distressing, the scars it leaves behind often pose an enduring challenge, affecting self-confidence and self-esteem. Acne scars form as a result of inflammatory acne lesions, where the skin tissue is damaged during the healing process. There are two main types of scars: atrophic scars , which appear as a depression in the skin, and raised scars that include hypertrophic and keloid scars. Each type requires a unique approach to treatment. Prevention is better than cure Preventing new acne breakouts and treating acne early before scar formation is crucial. A proper skincare products and routine that involve gentle cleansing, non-comedogenic products, and sun protection can create a stable environment for your skin. If your acne persists despite using over-the-counter skincare products, consultation with doctor is necessary for appropriate treatment. Treatment can include topicals, oral medications, procedural treatments or combination based on the severity of your acne. Types of acne scars Atrophic scars develop when there is insufficient collagen production during the skin’s repair after a breakout. There are three main types of atrophic acne scars: 1. Rolling scar Rolling scars are wide depressions with shallow edge, giving the skin a wave-like appearance. They result from the damage and tethering of underlying tissue. This happens when skin heals from inflammation, fibrous bands form underneath, pulling the epidermis downwards and creating the rolling or undulating appearance. 2. Boxcar scar Boxcar scars are broader depressions with well- defined edges. 3. Icepick scar Icepick scars are deep and narrow. They develop when an inflamed acne follicle collapses, causing a deep pit in the skin. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are types of raised scars that can develop after acne lesions have healed. 1. Hypertrophic scars Hypertrophic scars develop due to an overproduction of collagen during the healing process of acne lesions. When the body repairs the skin after acne, excess collagen is produced, leading to the raised and thickened appearance characteristic of hypertrophic scars. They are located at the site of healed pimple, and do not extend beyond the boundaries of the original acne lesion. 2. Keloids Keloids result from an overgrowth of scar tissue beyond the boundaries of the original wound or acne lesion. They can have a rubbery or hard consistency, and can be itchy, painful, and extend into surrounding healthy skin. Keloids can develop after severe or deep acne lesions, especially in individuals with a genetic predisposition to keloid formation. Hypertrophic and keloid scars can affect people of any race, ethnicity, or population. However, it is noted that individuals with darker skin tones, particularly those of African, Hispanic, and Asian descent, are more prone to developing hypertrophic and keloid scars. These scars tend to be more noticeable and prevalent in people with darker skin tone. They can develop not only after acne resolves but also following various forms of injury, including trauma, surgical procedures, injections, and piercings. In general, scars are common in individuals who experience severe or inflamed acne. Picking, squeezing, or manipulating acne lesions can increase the risk of developing scars. There is a range of treatments available for atrophic scars , including: Dermapen Microneedling As its name suggest, it basically utilizes a device equipped with multiple tiny, sterile needles to create micro-injuries in the skin. There are three basic forms of microneedling devices: the dermaroller, which is dragged across the skin to create punctures, dermapen, which creates punctures in skin in a high-speed stamping motion, and derma stamp that works just like a stamp to push microneedles into the skin that needs to be treated. It works by creating controlled injuries to the skin, triggering the body’s natural healing response and stimulates collagen production, hence improving the appearance of atrophic scars. Subcision Subcision is for scars that are tethered to underlying tissues, causing them to appear depressed or uneven, such as rolling acne scars. Cannula is inserted beneath the skin through a tiny incision made in the skin’s surface. The cannula is then moved back and forth in a controlled manner. This motion helps release the fibrous bands that are pulling the scar downward, allowing the depressed area to lift and become more level with the surrounding skin. Chemical peel Chemical solution is applied to the skin, causing it to exfoliate and peel off in few days. This process encourages new, healthier skin to replace the old, damaged skin, resulting in a smoother skin. Frosting from TCA cross In cases when the scars are deep like icepick or deep boxcar scars, TCA cross is used. TCA cross is a procedure used to treat acne scars, particularly ice pick scars. Unlike traditional chemical peels that are applied over the entire face, TCA cross targets specific scars. A high concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is precisely applied to the base of each individual acne scar. The acid penetrates the skin, causing controlled damage to the scar tissue. Skin then undergoes healing process, during which new collagen forms. This collagen production helps to elevate and fill in the depressed scar, making it less noticeable. The whitish discoloration is called frosting, which occurs 30 seconds to 2 minutes after application. This frosting effect is a result of protein coagulation in the epidermis caused by the reaction of TCA with the skin proteins. It indicated the precise penetration of the acid and suggests that the treatment is working as intended. Frosting is a temporary reaction. Laser resurfacing Ablative lasers emit high- energy light pulses that vaporize or remove the outer layers of skin, allowing fresh skin to emerge. Ablative lasers are available in fractional and fully ablative forms. Fractional lasers target columns of skin tissue, leaving adjacent areas untouched to optimize the healing process. In contrast, fully ablative lasers remove the entire outer skin layer and penetrate the underlying dermis with heat. Recovery after fully ablative treatments typically involves more downtime and careful aftercare, and pose risks for individuals with dark skin tones due to potential pigmentation issues. Nevertheless, its ability to effectively treat acne scars is unquestionable. Another option for resurfacing without damaging too much burn of the superficial skin is the Sublative treatment. Whereby RF energy is shot below the skin. Radiofrequency microneedling RF microneedling is a minimally invasive procedure that combines microneedling with radiofrequency energy to rejuvenate the skin and improve its texture. There are multiple microneedles fixed onto the device, and the microneedles penetrate your skin and deliver radiofrequency at a preset depth. Potenza Radiofrequency Microneedling It differs from ablative lasers in several aspects. Ablative lasers remove the layers of skin from epidermis to dermis, whereas RF microneedling spares the epidermis, as insulated needles penetrate into your skin at a preset depth in dermal layer, where scars reside, before delivery of energy. Because of this, RF microneedling has lesser downtime and is safer for individuals with darker skin tone due to lower risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Besides, ablative lasers also cannot reach as deep as RF microneedling, making them less effective when used as a standalone treatment for deep scars. Rejuran S Rejuran S is gaining popularity as a treatment for acne scars. Rejuran S contains polynucleotides, which are DNA fragments extracted from salmon and has excellent biocompatibility with human skin without any immune response. Polynucleotide have regenerative and healing properties, thus is used for skin rejuvenation. Rejuran S has higher viscosity compared to other range of Rejuran, enabling it to plump the depressed area, making scars appear less noticeable instantly. However, the plumping effect is temporary and does not reflect the final outcome of the treatment. The complete benefits of the treatment become evident over several months when new and more collagen are formed. Dermal filler Dermal filler adds volume to the depressed areas, raising the depressed areas to the level of surrounding skin. This approach provides immediate results, although it's temporary and requires periodic touch-ups. Punch excisions For deep or stubborn scars, punch excisions involve removing the scar and stitching the skin back together. This method is particularly effective for ice pick scars. Treatments for keloid and hypertrophic acne scars include steroid injection, application of silicone sheets or gels, pressure dressing, laser treatments or surgical excision of scar tissue. Acne scars in darker skin Addressing acne scars in individuals with darker skin tones presents a distinctive challenge. Darker skin naturally contains more melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Procedures that penetrate the skin’s upper layer can potentially lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). While PIH is a common part of healing process for people with darker skin, dissatisfaction among clients might lead to non-compliance or discontinuation of treatment sessions. Besides, to minimise the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, gentler treatment settings are often employed, necessitating more sessions for effective results. For darker skin type, it is essential to use specific skincare ingredients before and after the procedure and protect the treated area from sun exposure during the healing process to prevent PIH. Improving acne scars demands patience and commitment. Deep scars often necessitate a combination of diverse treatments. A consultation is essential to determine the most suitable therapies tailored to your specific scars and skin type. Dark spots and red spots after acne After acne heals, skin sometimes develops dark and red spots, referred to as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and postinflammatory erythema respectively. PIH arises from abnormal melanin production and deposition after inflammation, leading to dark spots. Postinflammatory erythema, on the other hand, results from damage and dilation of small blood vessels due to inflammation, causing red spots. While both conditions are temporary, they can persist for months or even years without treatment. Home DIY microneedling YAY or NAY? In recent years, microneedling has emerged as a highly sought-after aesthetic treatment, gaining immense popularity among individuals seeking to enhance their skin’s appearance. Microneedling does not only improve scars, but the procedure also facilitates improved absorption of skincare products into the skin, as the punctures created by the microneedles allow for deeper penetration through the skin’s primary barrier, the stratum corneum. This, in turns, can lead to a more profound and long- lasting improvement in the skin’s texture, tone and overall appearance. Microneedling is a beneficial treatment for a range of skin conditions, extending beyond scars to address issues like fine lines, hyperpigmentation, postinflammatory erythema, enlarged pores, and stretch marks. While professional microneedling is performed by licensed aestheticians or dermatologists, the skyrocketing popularity of microneedling has led to a surge in the use of at-home DIY devices. Yet, the crucial question that beckons attention is whether it is prudent to undertake microneedling at home with such devices, considering the potential safety concerns. Professional microneedling VS home microneedling RISK OF INFECTION Risk of infection is one significant aspect. Microneedling should be conducted in a clean environment with sterile tools, and appropriate skin preparation and after-care are essential. When performed at home, the lack of sterility and proper care increases the likelihood of infection. The risk further compounds when the same device head is repeatedly used. Conversely, professional microneedling is conducted in a controlled and sterile environment, minimizing the risk of infection. RESULT Microneedling require knowledge of anatomy and proper training to utilize correctly. Microneedling done by professionals ensures optimal outcomes by controlling depth and speed of the device based on area of the face and specific indication. Furthermore, professionals use more advanced microneedling devices with longer needles to achieve more noticeable results. However, in the hands of an amateur, long needles can post a threat to safety. SAFETY PROFILE In today’s era, the advent of social media has enabled individuals to share their own “how-to” guides on various topics, including skincare. However, incorrect techniques can result in suboptimal outcomes, such as unsightly scarring. The idea of at-home microneedling may seem like a convenient and affordable way to achieve smoother, more youthful-looking skin, it is not without risks. Improper use of the device can lead to unwanted outcomes like infection and scarring. Although home microneedling can be beneficial when it is done correctly, it is an indisputable fact that professional microneedling produces superior results with better safety profile.

Aesthetic medicine is kind of a big deal lately, getting tons of attention and sparking conversations. But, not everyone's cheering it on—some folks are giving it the side-eye. Are these beauty treatments getting a bad rap, or is it just a case of mixed-up stories? Listed below are the myths and misunderstandings surrounding aesthetic medicine. Misconception 1: Aesthetic procedures are only for the vain Some people believe that those who opt for aesthetic procedures are only doing it because they are chasing social media fame. Sure, social media has its influence, and let's be real, who doesn't want to rack up those likes and views? But, the world of aesthetic treatments is way more diverse than just chasing popularity. One significant reason is the confidence boost that comes with looking and feeling your best. Aesthetic treatments are not just about outward appearances; they can be a powerful tool for enhancing self-esteem and promoting a positive self-image. It is not about being vain; it is about feeling good in your own skin. Moreover, let’s not forget that aesthetic procedures sometimes play a role in correcting imperfections resulting from accidents or medical conditions. It is not always about chasing an idealised beauty standard, it is about reclaiming a sense of normalcy or addressing physical challenges. And guess what? The aging process is entirely natural, but not everyone is ready to fully embrace it, and that is perfectly okay! Aesthetic treatments can help address signs of aging, not because someone is trying to turn back time unrealistically, but because they want to age gracefully and maintain a sense of confidence in their appearance. Similarly, when it comes to addressing acne and those lingering acne scars, it is not just about the physical aspect. Acne can take a toll on a person’s self-esteem, and the impact goes beyond skin deep, influencing their daily life. Imagine waking up every day, facing the mirror, and feeling disheartened by the visible marks left by acne. By targeting and minimising acne and scars, these treatments contribute significantly to helping individuals regain control over their appearance. Misconception 2: Aesthetic results look unnatural Many people shy away from aesthetic treatments because they fear walking out looking like a completely different person. Facial overfilled syndrome One of the most prevalent yet undesired outcomes in aesthetic procedures is known as facial overfilled syndrome . Facial overfilled syndrome happens when there's an excessive and frequent use of dermal fillers, leading to a swollen or overly plumped appearance. But here's the lowdown: we aim for natural results unless our client requests for a dramatic change. Modern techniques focus on making enhancements that blend in with your own features, so it's not about going extreme but more about giving you a little boost that looks totally balanced. The aim? You, but just a bit upgraded. Misconception 3: Aesthetic procedures are one-size-fits-all Each person’s anatomy, skin type, and aesthetic goals are unique. It is essential to recognize that even if you and a friend share a similar concern, the assumption that the same treatment would be applicable to both is a misconception. Aesthetic treatment is personalized, meaning that each person’s unique characteristics and goals are taken into account when devising a treatment plan. Misconception 4: Aesthetic procedures are always invasive and risky While surgical procedures exist, there is a wide array of non-invasive or minimally invasive treatments available. Technological advancements, such as lasers, injectables, threads, and energy- based devices, allow for effective aesthetic enhancements with reduced risks and downtime. While it is fantastic that aesthetic treatments can address concerns with less invasive approaches, it is crucial to understand that minimally invasive procedures come with their own set of limitations. Let’s take the example of a facelift: if you are dealing with significant skin laxity and you aim to shave off a couple of decades from your appearance, a surgical facelift might be the more suitable option. This brings us to another common misconception about aesthetic treatments- the belief that minimally invasive procedures can provide a 100% solution to any issue. It is essential to manage expectations realistically. While these treatments can work in enhancing and rejuvenating, they may not achieve the same level of transformation as invasive surgical procedures, especially in cases of advanced aging or severe skin conditions. Understanding the scope and limitations is the key to achieving satisfying results. These photos show the before, and 6 months after Renuvion treatment. If you're after a non-surgical treatment that gives your face a tight and lifted look, Renuvion J Plasma is likely your best option. This technology uses a mix of helium plasma and radiofrequency energy to heat the deeper layers of your skin in a precise and controlled way, resulting in skin tightening and rejuvenation without going under the knife. However, surgical facelift is best if you’re in your late 50s and beyond and are experiencing severe drooping skin. Additional information: Renuvion J Plasma is not limited to just the face—it can also be done on various body areas like the tummy, love handles, back, arms, and thighs. What's even better is that it can be paired with liposuction. If you've had liposuction, this treatment can tighten the skin in those treated areas, giving you a more sculpted and contoured look. Misconception 5: A Single treatment can solve your problem completely A prevalent misconception in aesthetic medicine revolves around the belief that a single treatment is sufficient to yield optimal results. In reality, achieving the desired outcome often involves a combination of treatments employing various modalities. This misconception of one-size-fits-all solution can lead to unrealistic expectations and dissatisfaction with the results. It is important to understand that the human body responds differently to treatments, and the multifaceted nature of aesthetic concerns may necessitate a comprehensive approach. For instance, addressing facial rejuvenation may require a combination of treatments such as botox for dynamic wrinkles, fillers for deep static wrinkles and volume restoration, energy based devices for lifting and skin texture improvement. Each modality targets specific aspects, synergistically contributing to an overall enhanced appearance. This approach not only enhances the effectiveness of the treatment but also allows for a more personalised and nuanced outcome. Building on the discussion of facial overfilled syndrome mentioned earlier, it is important to know that solely depending on a single method—such as using dermal fillers to tackle facial sagging, heightens the likelihood of overfilling the face. When we limit ourselves to one treatment modality, we might unintentionally go overboard. While not every issue necessitates multiple treatment modalities, some of your concerns may indeed require more than a single treatment. Misconception 6: The practitioner is fully responsible for your treatment results Keeping up with the results of your aesthetic treatment is not just about what happens in the clinic. It is also about what you do at home and how you live your life. Do not assume that the treatment alone does all the work. Taking care of yourself and making good lifestyle choices are key players in making sure you get the most out of your aesthetic experience. Let say you get a laser treatment for your hyperpigmentation, your skincare routine at home matters. Sunscreen, and skincare products that lighten pigments, antioxidants are important to help your skin stay healthy and makes treatment results last longer. If you're getting treatment for acne, it's crucial to resist the urge to touch or pop your pimples. Steering clear of high-glycemic-index foods and dairy products is also key. Make sure to stick to the skincare routine or take any oral medications as prescribed. Consistency is the name of the game. Misconception 7: Aesthetic treatments are overpriced There is a common belief that aesthetic treatments are overpriced, but the equipment, machines, and injectable products used in these treatments come with a hefty price tag. Prioritising the safety of our clients and ensuring effective results are non-negotiable. We invest in good products and machines, and the cost is a reflection of the quality we uphold. Furthermore, aesthetic doctors undergo extensive training, starting from years in medical school to serving in government hospitals and additional training to continually enhance knowledge and skills. When you pay for a treatment, you are not just covering the procedure; you are also paying for the expertise and service provided by trained professionals. Besides, some wonder why they shouldn’t opt for cheaper skincare products at the drugstore or some random online shop. The key difference lies in the fact that the products we use are of medical grade. Their higher cost is justified by the rigorous studies conducted to prove their effectiveness and safety. Frequently, the formulation and concentration of ingredients in products can vary, leading to different outcomes. Original and fake Ultherapy machines You should also beware of counterfeit products or machines in the market. If you come across a significant price difference at other establishments, it's a red flag that should prompt questions about the authenticity of the machine or product. Using counterfeit products or machines not only fails to deliver results comparable to the genuine ones but can also pose a risk of complications if luck is not on your side. Misconception 8: Aesthetic procedures’ results are permanent Another common misconception is that aesthetic results are permanent. While some treatments offer long-lasting effects, the majority are not permanent and may require maintenance over time. Factors such as aging, lifestyle, and individual physiology can influence the longevity of results. Take hyaluronic acid fillers, they hang around for about 1 to 1 1/2 years, while Botox does its thing for 3-6 months. Result from Ultherapy lasts one to two years depending on how good you are at keeping your collagen game strong through your lifestyle and diet. More invasive procedures like liposuction and eyebag surgery, despite offering results that last longer than less invasive options, don't last forever. Changes in weight and the natural aging process can still have a say in how long these surgical outcomes stick around. Misconception 9: Only one treatment session is required Getting the best out of most non-invasive or minimally invasive aesthetic treatments usually involves a series of sessions. Whether it is to reach the optimal outcome initially or to keep those results in check, multiple sessions are often required. Misconception 10: Aesthetic treatments are only for the face Our aesthetic treatments extend beyond the face to include rejuvenation for areas such as the neck, décolletage, and hands, restoration of hair, as well as body contouring treatment to enhance your overall appearance and confidence. Our treatments also extend to the most personal areas, taking care of your intimate business for both the ladies and gents. Because self-care should be a party for every body part! Misconception 11: Aesthetic treatments are only for females Some people still think that beauty treatments are only for women. But guess what? That's old news! Nowadays, more guys are getting in on the action to look and feel their best. So, guys, don't be shy—looking good isn't just for the ladies. If you are already confident with how you look, why not bring that A-game to the bedroom too? Aesthetic treatments are not just for looking good—they can also level up your performance!

Vaginal health constitutes a crucial component of holistic well-being for women, but it is not always easy to talk about. Many women experience issues such as vaginal dryness, laxity and urinary incontinence, but these can evoke feelings of social awkwardness or shame when communicating with healthcare providers. You need not feel embarrassed or ashamed about experiencing all these problems as they are natural aspect of the female life cycle that will affect most women at some point. Let us explore the causes of these conditions one by one: 1. Vaginal laxity/ looseness Vaginal delivery This is a common phenomenon after vaginal delivery, especially if you have a big baby or undergone forceps delivery. The vagina is naturally designed to expand during childbirth, then contract and return to its original shape afterwards, thanks to the collagen tissue that composes its skin. However, there are limits to this natural elasticity. The vagina will eventually lose its resilience over time after repeated stretches and tears of underlying dermal tissues as baby passes through the birth canal. The pelvic floor musculature serves as a critical support structure for the vagina. However, the process of childbirth can significantly weaken these muscles, leading to vaginal laxity. The degree of vaginal laxity is contingent upon various factors, namely the cumulative and escalating number of vaginal deliveries, the size of newborn, employment of forceps during delivery and trauma associated with each subsequent childbirth. Vaginal laxity causes discomfort and the emergence of excessive vaginal folds causes further distress. Furthermore, it results in a diminished capacity to experience pleasure during sexual intercourse, which may culminate in a reduction in sexual desire, compromised sex life and have negative impact on relationships. Aging As we age, our bodies gradually lose collagen, a ubiquitous protein that serves as a fundamental building block, imparting structural support to various tissues. Regrettably, this diminution of collagen affects the integrity of vaginal tissues, causing vagina to become loose over time. Hormonal changes Physiological decline in the production of estrogen can result in gradual attenuation of vaginal thickness and elasticity. Consequently, the vaginal canal and the adjacent tissues enveloping the vaginal aperture experience loss of strength and structural integrity, culminating in a state of vaginal laxity. Genetic Genetics play a role in determining the overall structure and composition of the vaginal tissues. Some women may have a genetic predisposition to laxity due to differences in the collagen and elastin fibers that make up the vaginal walls. If someone has a genetic variation that affects the production of function of these proteins, it could contribute to the development of vaginal laxity. For example, a mutation in the COL3A1 gene, which encodes for type III collagen, has been associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Is vaginal laxity equal to pelvic organ prolapse? Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition in which the pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum, descend or bulge into the vaginal canal. Pelvic organ prolapse can occur due to weakened or damaged pelvic muscles and connective tissues, often as a result of childbirth, aging, obesity, or chronic coughing. Vaginal laxity can contribute to pelvic organ prolapse by reducing the strength and support of the vaginal tissues, which can lead to the descent or bulging of the pelvic organs. Conversely, pelvic organ prolapse can also cause or worsen vaginal laxity by stretching and weakening the vaginal tissues. As the pelvic organs descend or bulge into the vaginal canal, they can put pressure on the vaginal tissues and cause them to stretch or tear, which can result in vaginal laxity. However, not all cases of vaginal laxity are related to pelvic organ prolapse, and not all cases of pelvic organ prolapse are related to vaginal laxity. Each condition can occur independently or be caused by a combination of factors. Does frequent sexual intercourse cause vagina to become loose? This is one interesting and common misconception that I would like to address. In fact, sex does not have a lasting impact on vaginal tension. When a woman is sexually aroused, your pelvic floor muscles relax, allowing for penetrative sex. After intercourse, the vagina returns to its usual shape and tension. There is no scientific evidence to support the idea that regular sex can cause the vagina to become loose over time. 2. Vaginal dryness Vaginal dryness can cause discomfort during sexual activity, as well as itching and irritation. It can be caused by: Hormonal changes The primary reason behind vaginal dryness is the decrease in estrogen levels, especially after menopause. Estrogen is responsible for sustaining normal vaginal lubrication, tissue elasticity and acidity, which ensure the healthy condition of vaginal tissue. Medical conditions and medications Vaginal dryness can also be caused by specific medical conditions such as Sjogren’s syndrome or cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Additionally, some medications such as antihistamines and antidepressants can have vaginal dryness as a side effect. 3. Stress urinary incontinence Stress incontinence is a condition characterised by the leakage of urine when coughing, laughing or any form of physical exertion. This can be a stressful and disruptive condition that can have a negative impact on one’s quality of life. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including: Aging As we age, pelvic floor muscles that support the bladder weaken, leading to urinary incontinence. Childbirth Your bladder is supported by your pelvic floor muscles. After delivery, most women have weakened pelvic floor muscle due to the stretch and tension and damage from vaginal laceration, hence resulting in urinary incontinence. Extra pressure on bladder Conditions that put extra pressure on the bladder, such as being overweight or obese and chronic coughing can lead to urinary incontinence. In the past, these conditions which often arise as a result of childbirth, were regarded as inevitable and deemed an acceptable consequence of giving birth. In the 1940s, Dr Arnold Kegel introduced a simple yet effective solution- Kegel exercises- named after him, to help women who were experiencing urinary incontinence after childbirth. Kegel exercises , also known as pelvic floor exercises, are a type of exercise that involves contracting and relaxing the pelvic floor muscles that support the bladder, vagina, uterus and rectum. Kegel exercises can be done by both men and women, and they can be performed discreetly anytime, anywhere. The first step in doing Kegel exercises is to identify the pelvic floor muscles by stopping the flow of urine midstream or by imagining that you are trying to stop yourself from passing gas. Once you have identified the muscles, you can then begin contracting and relaxing them for a few seconds at a time. Kegel exercises have numerous benefits, including: - Improved bladder and bowel control - Increased sexual satisfaction and improved orgasmic potential - Reduced risk of pelvic organ prolapse - Enhanced blood flow to pelvic region - Improved recovery after childbirth Restoring Confidence with Vaginal Laser Therapy As technology continues to evolve, more sophisticated and efficient solutions have emerged to address common vaginal health concerns. Among them is vaginal laser therapy, utilising Erbium YAG Petit Lady Laser , which offers a more effective treatment option. How does it work? This laser works by delivering laser energy directly to the vaginal tissue, heats the tissues and deliberately induces controlled damage to the vaginal tissues. The induced trauma prompts the body’s inherent healing response, which involves the production of collagen. The augmented collagen production, in turn, leads to the rejuvenation, thickening and tightening of vaginal wall, and improved function like lubrication. Benefits of vaginal laser: 1. Improves vaginal lubrication Vaginal laser therapy can help to increase blood flow to the vaginal area and stimulate the production of collagen and elastin, which can improve vaginal lubrication and reduce vaginal dryness. 2. Reduces vaginal laxity Vaginal laser therapy can help to tighten and tone the vaginal tissues, which can reduce vaginal laxity and improve the appearance and sensation of the vaginal area. 3. Enhances sexual function By increasing vaginal lubrication and improving the tightness of the vaginal tissues, they can potentially enhance sexual function and satisfaction due to reduced pain and increased sensitivity. 4. Treats urinary incontinence Vaginal laser can improve mild to moderate urinary incontinence as collagen remodelling helps to support bladder neck and urethra. While vaginal laser treatment can improve the tightness and elasticity of the vaginal tissues, it is not typically recommended as a primary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse. Instead, treatment options for pelvic organ prolapse are aimed at addressing the underlying weakness or damage to the pelvic muscles and connective tissues. What to expect during the treatment? The procedure typically takes less than 30 minutes to complete. After proper cleaning, specialised laser probe will be inserted into the vagina, and laser energy will be delivered to the vaginal tissue. There are 360 degrees probe that targets the whole vagina for vaginal rejuvenation, and 90 degrees probe to treat stress urinary incontinence. Patients find it painless and generally well-tolerated. Who can get vaginal laser treatment? Not all women are good candidates for vaginal laser treatment. Women who are pregnant, have active vaginal infection or undiagnosed vaginal bleeding should not undergo the procedure. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Apart from vaginal laser, hormonal therapy can also help reduce vaginal dryness. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment option for vaginal dryness that involves the use of hormones to restore estrogen levels in the body. As mentioned previously, estrogen is a hormone that plays crucial role in maintaining vaginal health, including the production of vaginal lubrication. As women age and go through menopause, estrogen levels decline, which can cause a range of symptoms, including vaginal dryness, itching and burning. HRT can be an effective wat to alleviate these symptoms by supplementing the body’s natural estrogen production. HRT can be administered in different forms, such as pills, patches, creams, or vaginal rings. Vaginal estrogen preparations, such as creams, tablets, or rings, or specifically designed to treat vaginal dryness and can provide quick and effective relief. These preparations work by delivering estrogen directly to the vaginal tissues, which helps to increase vaginal lubrication and thickness of the vaginal lining. While HRT can be effective in treating vaginal dryness, it is important to note that is may also be not suitable for everyone. Women with history of breast cancer, blood clots, or liver disease, for instance, may not be able to take estrogen. Additionally, HRT can have some potential side effects, such as bloating, breast tenderness and nausea. Why is my genital area getting darker? Aging brings about many changes to our bodies, some of which are expected, while some you may not notice or anticipate. One such change is the alteration in the colour of the skin around your genital area. The skin in the genital and anal areas of both males and females often appears darker than other parts of the body. This so-called hyperpigmentation is a common occurrence, especially in individuals who have gone through puberty. There are several reasons why intimate areas can appear darker than other parts of your body: Friction and inflammation Friction caused by tight clothing or physical activity can cause the skin to thicken and darken over time, as increased friction leads to melanocyte hyperactivity and pigmentation. Inflammation or irritation caused by waxing, shaving or other forms of hair removal can result in darkening of the skin. The skin folds in the groin area can also undergo a process called keratinisation due to constant rubbing or trauma, which results in thicker and darker skin in those areas. Inflammation caused by rubbing against skin or infections can also lead to postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Hormonal changes The cells responsible for producing melanin in the skin, called melanocytes, are especially sensitive to hormones. As such, hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or aging can cause the genital area to darken gradually. Estrogen is one of the hormones that can result in increased pigmentation. This explains the darkening of areolae and nipples as well during pregnancy. Aging You will probably notice genital area gets darker with time. This is because as we age, our skin experiences more years of repeated trauma and hormonal changes. Several medical conditions can also cause darkening of genital area, including: Dark patch of skin with thick and velvety texture at neck Acanthosis nigricans, which is a condition that causes thickening of the outer layer of skin resulting in a discolouration of brown-to-black, typically around the neck, armpits and groin area. Acanthosis nigricans is most commonly associated with diabetes and insulin resistance, but rarely it can be a sign of internal malignancy. Hormonal disorders or use of certain medications like systemic glucocorticoids and oral contraceptives. Addison disease, also called adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon illness that can cause hyperpigmentation in certain areas of the body. Hyperpigmentation can occur due to the stimulant effect of excess adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) on the melanocytes to produce melanin. Obesity is associated with darker genital area as excess weight can cause areas of the skin to darken due to friction and rubbing. Fortunately, hyperpigmentation at the genital area can be improved with laser that targets pigment. Laser works by targeting the pigment in the skin cells and breaking it down with heat energy. This process is known as selective photothermolysis and is effective at removing unwanted pigmentation without damaging the surrounding tissue. While laser therapy can effectively treat hyperpigmentation in the genital area, it is imperative to consult a doctor for thorough investigation if this condition is accompanied by other symptoms that suggest an underlying medical condition. In such cases, treatment of the underlying medical condition should be prioritised. Let's Feel Empowered, Confident, and Rejuvenated!